STM, LTM, Types of LTM and Working Model
- Created by: remithirlaway
- Created on: 11-05-16 21:08
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- MEMORY
- Short Term Memory
- Encoded acoustically
- Capacity: George Miller's Magic Number 7±2
- Duration: Less than 30 seconds
- Long Term Memory
- Encoded semantically
- Potentially infinite capacity
- Duration lasts as long as you live
- Bahrick et al: tested 400 people on photo recognition of class mates which consisted of 50 photos, in a free recall test pps were asked to list the names they could remember
- Pps who were tested within 15yrs of graduation were 90% accurate, after 48 years this fell to 70%
- Bahrick et al: tested 400 people on photo recognition of class mates which consisted of 50 photos, in a free recall test pps were asked to list the names they could remember
- Types of LTM
- SEMANTIC MEMORY: Shared memories for facts and knowledge e.g. 2+2=4. They may begin as episodic memories as we acquire knowledge based on personal experience
- EPISODIC MEMORY: Personal memories of events e.g. first day at school. You may recall the context surrounding the events plus associated emotions
- PROCEDURAL MEMORY: Memory for how to do things e.g. knowing how to tie a shoe lace. Usually acquired through repetition and practice
- Working Model of Memory
- CENTRAL EXECUTIVE: Monitors and controls all other functions in working memory
- Very limited capacity for storing data
- Directs attention to particular tasks
- PHONOLOGICAL LOOP: Codes speech sounds, typically involving maintenance rehearsal
- INNER EAR: Phonological store which holds words you hear
- INNER VOICE: An articulatory process which is used for the words you hear or see.
- These words are silently repeated (looped) which is a form of maintenance rehearsal
- Has a limited capacity
- VISUO-SPATIAL SKETCHPAD:Codes visual information in terms of separate objects as well as the arrangement of these objects in one's field
- VISUAL CACHE: Stores info about visual items e.g. form and colour
- INNER SCRIBE: Stores the arrangement of objects in the visual fields
- EPISODIC BUFFER: Added by Baddely in 2000 as he realised the model needed a general store which would hold visual and acoustic info
- Limited capacity
- Maintains a sense of time sequencing in order to construct a mental episode of what is being experienced
- Baddely & Hitch
- STM has multiple stores
- WMM is more plausible than MSM as it explains STM in terms of both temporary storage and active processing
- BADDELY ET AL 1998: PL plays a role in the development of reading - PL isn't functioning properly in children with dyslexia
- CENTRAL EXECUTIVE: The notion of a single central executive is probably wrong and there are many components
- ESLINGER & DAMASIO: Studied a patient with cerebral tumour removed. He performed well on test requiring reason - suggests CE is intact, but had poor decision making - suggests CE is not wholly intact
- CENTRAL EXECUTIVE: Monitors and controls all other functions in working memory
- Short Term Memory
- Types of LTM
- SEMANTIC MEMORY: Shared memories for facts and knowledge e.g. 2+2=4. They may begin as episodic memories as we acquire knowledge based on personal experience
- EPISODIC MEMORY: Personal memories of events e.g. first day at school. You may recall the context surrounding the events plus associated emotions
- PROCEDURAL MEMORY: Memory for how to do things e.g. knowing how to tie a shoe lace. Usually acquired through repetition and practice
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