Memory
- Created by: Samio
- Created on: 13-01-16 11:21
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- Memory
- Multi-store Model
- Sensory register - iconic and echoic stores with very brief duration, high capacity. transfer by attention
- STM - limited capacity and duration store. Mainly acoustic coding. Transfer to LTM by rehearsal
- LTM - unlimited capacity and duration, permanent store. Mainly semantic coding. Created through maintenance rehearsal
- HM - removal of hippocampus led to damaged LTM, but left STM intact
- Working Memory Model
- Central executive - component of WMM that co-ordinates the activities of the three subsystems in memory and allocates resources
- Visuo-spatial sketchpad - component of WMM that processes visual and spatial information
- Baddeley et al. - dual task performance
- Episodic buffer - component of WMM that combines information from the other subsystems, and links working memory to long term memory
- Explanations of Forgetting
- Interference
- Proactive interference - forgetting occurs when previously stored memories disrupt the recall of newer memories
- Baddeley and Hitch - rugby players are more likely to remember previous teams if they haven't played matches in between
- Retroactive interference - forgetting occurs when newer memories disrupt the recall of previously stored memories
- Proactive interference - forgetting occurs when previously stored memories disrupt the recall of newer memories
- Retrieval failure
- A form of forgetting the occurs when we don't have the necessary cues to access a memory
- Godden and Baddeley - divers were 40% more likely to remember information if contexts matched
- Interference
- Eyewitness Testimony
- Misleading information
- Loftus and Palmer - leading questions. Car speed estimates were affected by change in verb (e.g smashed vs. contacted)
- Gabbert et al. - Post even discussion. 71% of participants mistakenly recalled aspects of the video they hadn't seen after discussion
- Anxiety
- Johnson and Scott - weapon focus effect. High anxiety knife condition led to poorer recalll
- Yuille and Cuthsall shooting - high anxiety associated with better recall when witnessing a real crime
- Cognitive interview
- Report everything, reinstate the context, reverse the order, change perspective
- Misleading information
- Types of Long Term Memory
- Episodic memory - a long term memory store for personal events e.g. first day of school
- Semantic memory - A long term memory store for our knowledge of the world, e.g the capital of London
- Procedural memory - A long term memory store for our knowledge of how to do things e.g. play the piano
- HM case study - only lost episodic memory
- Tulving et al - PET scan, found that episodic and semantic memories are recalled from the prefrontal cortex
- Encoding, capacity and duration
- Multi-store Model
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