Medicine Through Time

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  • Created by: alex0309
  • Created on: 29-01-18 19:26
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  • Medicine
    • Hippocrates
      • Believed in Clinical Observation. This allowed doctor to observe the patients; breathing, heart rate, urine and temperature.
        • This helped doctors diagnose a patient.
      • He established the theory of the Four Humours
      • Yellow bile, black bile, phlegm and blood.
        • He believed that if one of the Humours was out of balance that was the reason for your illness.
      • He was considered 'The Father of Medicine'.
      • Hippocratic Oath; doctor promises they will do all the can to help their patient.
    • Galen
      • Continued on from Hippocrates theory of the Four Humours to establish the 'Theory of Opposites'.
      • This meant that you had too much phlegm because you had a cold, and therefore, hear would be used to treat it.
        • To qualify as a doctor you would need to train for seven years. They would learn from lectures or debate what they read in books.
          • It was normal for a doctor to leave University without seeing an actual patient
            • Doctors in Britain would learn from Hippocrates, Galen and British medical textbooks.
              • To qualify as a doctor you would need to train for seven years. They would learn from lectures or debate what they read in books.
                • It was normal for a doctor to leave University without seeing an actual patient
                  • Doctors in Britain would learn from Hippocrates, Galen and British medical textbooks.
        • His work was believed for over 1500 years.
          • No one dared challenge him, as his work was believed by the Church. Challenging Galen, meant you were challenging the Church, which was a sin.
            • Galen referred to God as the creator.
        • Measuring pulse was important to him.
        • Performed experiment on pig. Proved that the brain controlled the body not the heart.
      • Medieval Doctors and Surgery.
    • Hippocrates believed rest, exercise and change in diet can help a patients recovery.
    • Galen performed dissection on animals.
      • Human dissections were not allowed.
        • Led him to make many decisions in his work. For example, he stated the jaw bone was made up of two when in fact it is one.
      • Galen
        • Continued on from Hippocrates theory of the Four Humours to establish the 'Theory of Opposites'.
        • This meant that you had too much phlegm because you had a cold, and therefore, hear would be used to treat it.
          • His work was believed for over 1500 years.
            • No one dared challenge him, as his work was believed by the Church. Challenging Galen, meant you were challenging the Church, which was a sin.
              • Galen referred to God as the creator.
          • Measuring pulse was important to him.
          • Performed experiment on pig. Proved that the brain controlled the body not the heart.
      • Medieval doctor followed clinical observation or bedside observation.
        • Focused on urine and pulse.
      • Often did not work because they didn't find correct place for removal.
        • Treatment- Bloodletting, a way to restore balance of Four Humours. Cut would be made on arm to remove blood or would use leeches.
          • Other treatment might include giving you something to vomit/ go toilet.
          • Supernatural treatments- prayers, charms, astrology.
      • Based on Greek Knowledge
        • They would treat form head downwards and bought together medical theory, Christian prayers, recipes and charms
        • Gilbert Eagle's Compendium Medicine (1230)
      • University Doctors. Few and expensive.
        • Wise Woman offered herbal remedies. Knowledge passed down by word of mouth.
          • Market and fair offered tooth extraction, mend dislocated limbs and set a fracture in a splint.
            • People would go to monasteries for help. They would pray for forgiveness from God as their illness was a punishment from him.
              • Remedies- prayers and charms.
      • Amputation- removal of a damaged part or limb. Used for breast cancer, bladder stones or haemorrhoids.
        • Extremely painful.
          • Epilepsy- demons inside your head. Drill a hole in you head for them to escape.
      • Cauterisation- burning of the skin or flesh to prevent the flow of blood.
        • Surgeons tools; cautery irons, arrow pullers and saws.
        • Anaesthetics; opium, hemlock, mandrake. Too much might kill patient.
      • Surgery in Weston Europe and Islamic Empire advanced by surgical pioneers or tried new methods.
      • Hugh of Luca and son Theodoric disagreed with the method pus should be put into wounds to heal it.
        • They used wine instead to prevent the chance of infection
        • They were ahead of their time and unpopular as the challenged Hippocrates
        • De Chaulic wrote Great Surgery (1363). Dominated French and English surgery for 200 years.
          • He quoted Galen 890 times.
            • Disagreed with Luca and wrote a book criticising him.
          • John Ardene wrote 'Practica' 1376. Contained illustrations of his operations and instruments.
            • Based on Greek and Islamic knowledge from experience in the Hundred Year War
              • Used opium and henbane to dull pain.
                • In 1368 he attempted to separate surgeons from barber surgeons to form 'Guild of Surgeons, in London
          • Books written in Latin were translated into English
        • De Chaulic wrote Great Surgery (1363). Dominated French and English surgery for 200 years.
          • He quoted Galen 890 times.
            • Disagreed with Luca and wrote a book criticising him.
          • John Ardene wrote 'Practica' 1376. Contained illustrations of his operations and instruments.
            • Based on Greek and Islamic knowledge from experience in the Hundred Year War
              • Used opium and henbane to dull pain.
                • In 1368 he attempted to separate surgeons from barber surgeons to form 'Guild of Surgeons, in London
          • Books written in Latin were translated into English

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