Media Representations
- Created by: JuliaMabiza
- Created on: 08-09-19 15:00
View mindmap
- Media Representation
- GENDER
- Symbolic Annihilation
- Lipman-"The little pictures we carry around in our heads
- Male Gaze Theory-Mulvey
- AO3 OF MALE GAZE=Female Gaze e.g David Beckham, Magic Mike
- The Beauty Myth
- media plays a big part in spreading this, by publishing images of ideal women, but these are unrealistic and have been distorted
- AO2=Dove Ad
- AO2= Bad Teacher, Blurred Lines
- Representation of Men
- Children Now-The action hero, the big shot, the joker
- The Masculine Myth-Easthorpe
- argues variety of media give impression that a real man is based on strength, aggression and violence, but this is an ideological myth
- AO3-The New Man
- content of magazines focused on the masculine experience
- e.g men are emotionally vulnerable, should treat women as equals
- content of magazines focused on the masculine experience
- The Metrosexual Male-Postmodernism
- Gauntlett-content of FHM was positive
- AO3=Retributive Masculinity(Rutherford)=Newer magazines reject metrosexuality, but examples of retributive ,asculinity.
- AO3= Colliers-there are still images of rugged extra macho man which still circulate in popular culture, women are still sexualised
- masculinity is responding to the growing economic independence and assertiveness of women
- Frank Mort-rise in male fashion mags and products reflect change in social attitudes of men
- product of 'new man' is of advertisers so they can sell products
- Gauntlett-content of FHM was positive
- AO2-men that dominate media industry= Rupert Murdock
- underepresentation of women
- marginalised in the UK news companies and during decision making
- suffered the glass ceiling effect
- Changes(AO2)
- ETHNICITY
- ethnic minorities=under represented in senior management and programme productions-ethnocentricism.
- Cumberbatch=1 in 7 roles were filled by ethnic minority, appear in shows for entertainment not intellectual representation
- Hargrave-used for comedy and have a unrealistic role
- e.g Citizen Khan
- Hall et al-ethnicity stereotypes
- as deviants and law breakers causing social problems
- as posing a threat
- having a limited talents and skills
- Stigmatised identity
- Tokenism
- AO3=Abercombie said there is a moment towards Black and Asian families in the mainstream TV soaps
- CHANGES(AO2)
- Portrayal of White British
- dominant
- ethnic minorities=under represented in senior management and programme productions-ethnocentricism.
- SEXUALITY
- Heterosexuality Representation
- cetral aspect of the hegemonic/traditional masculinity and femininity stereotypes-reinforcing the nuclear family
- Homosexuality Representation
- media is controlled by upper class who take on the male gaze
- 1980s Moral Panic: HIV Gay Plague
- Gauntlett-gay and lesbian are still negatively represented
- Batchelor- found being gay was integrated into mainstream media representations, whereas on TV is represented as a source of anxiety or embarrasment
- Stonewall-Unseen on Screen
- AO2- pride festivals, Gok Wan, OITNB
- Laws
- Civil Partnership Act(2004)
- Same Sex Marriage (2014)
- Heterosexuality Representation
- SOCIAL CLASS
- UNDERCLASS
- New Right
- Devereux(2008)
- Golding and Middleton(1982)
- found media ignores welfare issues and news stories unless they were connected with other issues e.g crime, sex, fraud
- Price(2014)
- 'poverty ****'
- CHAVS-Council House And Violence(Manley,2010)
- Owen-this is an attack on the poor
- MIDDLE CLASS
- over-representation
- dominate all authority positions
- unproblematic and living a lifestyle that represented the 'norms' in British society
- over-representation
- WORKING CLASS
- Distorted media
- McKendrick et al(2008)- coverage of poverty is marginal in British Media, causing consequences to be rarely explored in news
- Cohen-notes that the media often fails to see the connection between deprivation and wealth
- Newman-noted that media tend to focus on devaince of W/C
- AO3; positive portrayal through British music stemming through from W/C celebrities
- Distorted media
- UPPER CLASS
- not represented in the media as much as other social classes
- they are closed off and there is less knowledge of this group
- Marxism
- upper class nolstagia-traditional upper classes often seen in sentimental representations
- The Royal Family
- Nairn(1988)-argue represenations of the Queen and and Royal Family members are generally positive
- UNDERCLASS
- AGE
- Representations of childhood( UP TO AGE 14)
- Positive representation
- Aries(1965)-the media allows society to socially construct childhood
- Headliners ran by young people did a content analysis of national newspapers and found stereotypes
- cute
- brilliant e.g Mathilda, Are you smarter than a 10 year old?
- accessories e.g The Help, Kardashians
- victims e.g Home Alone, Annie
- little angels e.g Daddy Daycare
- little devils e.g Bart Simpson, Boss Baby
- Positive representation
- Representations of youth(15 YEARS TO EARLY 20S)
- negative portrayals
- associated with violent crime, ASBO, teenage pregnancy, drugs
- misunderstood of their identity crisis of being unemployed and other age related legislations
- Wayne et al(2008)- found 1% of teens portrayed as this in the media, and also symbolically annihilated
- Representations of older people(LATE 50 ONWARDS)
- negatively portrayal
- Biggs(1993), found that UK TV sitcoms presented the elderly as being forgetful and dependent
- other negative labels
- ill health
- vulnerable
- anti social
- lonely
- liability
- Williams et al(2009)
- content analysis , 5 years, adverts and magazines
- Representations of childhood( UP TO AGE 14)
- DISABILITY
- impairment
- disability
- social construction hakespeare(1998)
- SYMBOLIC ANNIHILATION OF DISA BILITY
- Sancho(2003)
- Disability Discrimination Act
- Negative Representations
- The Broadcasting Standard Commission(2003)
- 80% disability related to mobility
- Cumberbatch and Negrine(1992)
- rarely present them as separate to their disability, wheelchair often used as 'the sign'
- Barnes(1992 found recurring stereotypes (10)
- as supper cripples e.g Me Before You
- as an object of ridicule e.g Little Britain
- as sexually abnormal
- The Broadcasting Standard Commission(2003)
- Positive Representations
- Paralympics
- GENDER
Comments
No comments have yet been made