Multi Culturalism LCW Unfinished
- Created by: Eyesight
- Created on: 24-05-18 13:19
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- Multi Culturalism
- Origins
- By 2000 MC societies were everywhere
- Terrorism & radical Islam strengthened the case for MC to keep extremism at bay.
- 1960's Black consciouness
- Post war western Europe
- Features
- Post colonialism
- Post 1945
- New attitudes amongst the newly independent countries.
- Challenge Euro-centrism, hegemony of Western imperial ideas and assumptions
- Rejected the universalist pretentions of western liberal ideology
- Gandhi - Indian nationalism
- 1960's black nationalism
- assertions of own cultural identity
- Gandhi - Indian nationalism
- assertions of own cultural identity
- Post 1945
- Pluralist MC
- Accepts equal validity and legitimacy of liberal ideas, illiberal ideas and non liberal ideas - even though they may be incompatible.
- Post colonialism
- Identity politics
- Perceives people in terms of their cultural characteristics
- Language, religion and ethnicity shape personal and social identity.
- Particularism
- Cultural differences between people and societies are more importance than what they have in common.
- Gives people a sense of rootedness
- Differences should be celebrated
- Minority Rights
- Collective entitlements of representation, self government and legal protections.
- E.g. dress codes and religious holidays.
- 'Positive discrimination' in education, work or political representation
- Generates controversial questions of apology or compensation for past disadvantages or discrimination.
- Can be viewed as unfair or counterproductive
- Hinder integration of cultural groups into wider society.
- UK's ban on expressing religious hatred, but this conflicts with liberal notions of freedom of expression.
- Collective entitlements of representation, self government and legal protections.
- Diversity
- Cultural differences are compatible with citizenship and social/ political cohesion.
- Believe that a denial of cultural diversity may generate resentment, isolation and extremism.
- Is a risk that encouraging cultural diversity may weaken people's sense of their own identity.
- Undermine social stability or political unity.
- Critical perspectives on MC
- Conservatism
- Security-seeking individuals and a stable society require cultural homogeneity.
- It is a threat to social cohesion and majority interests and 'diversity within unity' is a myth.
- Assimilation and restrictions on immigration, or even repatriation, are favoured.
- Socialism
- It is not a lack of cultural recognition which encumbers some groups, but the lack of economic power and social status.
- MC is a form of 'divide and rule' of oppressed and exploited classes.
- It may distract or detract from redistributive and welfare politics and narrow peoples senses of a wider social responsibility.
- Marxists call it a form of 'false consciousness'.
- Liberalism
- MC is collectivist which conflicts with liberal individualism.
- Some forms of MC may impinge on human rights and freedoms, or toleration.
- Emphasis on the value of diversity and particularism conflicts with liberal universalism.
- MC is collectivist which conflicts with liberal individualism.
- Feminism
- Objects to patriarchal cultures which legitimise and perpetuate the oppression of women in their power structures, family arrangements, moral or dress codes.
- E.g. FGM, arrange marriages.
- Objects to patriarchal cultures which legitimise and perpetuate the oppression of women in their power structures, family arrangements, moral or dress codes.
- Conservatism
- Origins
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