Mary I - Government 1553-1558
- Created by: brennamackay
- Created on: 19-05-19 19:08
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- Mary I - Government 1553-1558
- Key Advisors
- Lord William Paget: administrator under HVIII; appointed to Privy Council under HVIII; close to Somerset but also served Northumberland and Mary (excluded under Elizabeth).
- Stephen Gardiner: lost Bishop post under EVI & imprisoned in the Tower for Catholic views; restored as Bishop of Winchester under Mary I; also made Lord Chancellor.
- Cardinal Reginald Pole: Grandson of EIV's brother; went into exile in Italy rather than accept HVIII's reforms; made Cardinal 1536 & was very influential; made Archbishop of Canterbury 1554.
- Simon Renard: Imperial Ambassador of Charles V; important in arranging marriage between Philip II and Mary I; his influence on Mary I declined after her marriage to Philip.
- Problems
- Did not have the confidence of the Council she inherited in 1553 (Edward's council dominated by reformers)
- Mary and her most loyal supporters had little experience of Government and the English Court: she had been excluded from court.
- Mary had appointed conservative councillors from her Father's reign: more likely to support reversal of the Edwardian reforms.
- The council was too large, leading to factionalism and division: 50 councillors but had a much smaller working council.
- Mary was over-reliant on the advice and support of Philip and Simon Renard: should have chosen more reliable councillors.
- Mary never really had the full cooperation of Parliament.
- The Spanish Marriage was unpopular: never discussed in Parliament & not supported by the public.
- Reduced importance of the Privy Chamber as males weren't allowed and therefore could not influence her.
- Financial Policies
- Increase in crown income due to change in admin. of revenue collection.
- Lord Treasurer = Winchester.
- The Court of Exchequer took over both the Court of First Fruit and Tenths and the Court of Augmentations.
- New Book of Rates introduced - modernises the setting of customs revenues and increased crown income by 200% in one year.
- Crown in debt of £227,000.
- Key Advisors
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