Managing cold environments

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  • How can risks to cold environments be reduced?
    • using technology - the trans-Alaskan pipeline
      • discovering oil in Prudhoe Bay, northern Alaska, in 1969 stimulated a technological solution to Arctic sea ice preventing tanker movements in winter - a revolutionary 1300 km pipeline.
      • the trans-Alaskan pipeline
        • crosses two mountain ranges and 800 rivers
        • is raised and insulated to prevent the hot oil melting the permafrost, while allowing caribou to migrate underneath
        • is engineered to slide during earthquakes, but with automatic shut-off systems to see if there is a leak
    • action by governments
      • various laws and policies protect Alaska's unique environment, native people and marine habitats
        • includes the US government managing protected wilderness areas and their abundant wildlife
      • Antarctic treaty goes further by:
        • preventing economic development
        • promoting scientific research
        • controlling tourism to keep disturbance at a minimum
    • conservation groups
      • conservation groups such as the World Wide Fund for Nature are working with oil companies, Inuit organisations, local communities and government regulators to plan for a sustainable futures for the Arctic

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