Management strategies - Global water cycle
- Created by: LMitchell1380
- Created on: 20-02-18 16:36
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- Management Strategies: Global water cycle
- Forestry
- Multilateral organisations recognise importance of forests in water cycle
- United Nations (UN)
- UN's Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD)
- Fund projects to protect forests
- World Bank (WB)
- Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF)
- World Bank (WB)
- World Bank (WB)
- Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF)
- Provide financial incentives = protect + restore forest
- Carbon offsets (Cap and Trade)
- Direct funding
- Example: Brazil
- Multilateral organisation support
- UN
- World Bank
- World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
- German Development Bank
- The Amazon Regional Protected Areas (ARPA) programme
- covers 10% of Amazon Basin
- Benefits of programme =
- Stabilising water cycle
- Offset 430 million tonnnes C/year
- Support indigenous communities
- Promote ecotourism
- Protects biodiversity
- Multilateral organisation support
- United Nations (UN)
- Multilateral organisations recognise importance of forests in water cycle
- Water Allocations
- Countries with water scarcity = governments have to allocate water
- Agriculture is the biggest consumer
- 70% of water withdrawals globally
- 90% of consumption globally
- Wastage of water
- Evapouration
- Inefficient water management
- Over-irrigating crops
- Improving management strategies
- = minimising water loss from run-off
- Terracing
- Contour ploughing
- Planting vegetation
- = minimising water loss from run-off
- Better management
- Better water harvesting
- storage in ponds
- Storage in reserviors
- Recovering and recycling of water waste
- Better water harvesting
- Agriculture is the biggest consumer
- Countries with water scarcity = governments have to allocate water
- Drainage basin planning
- Water management is most effective at basin scale
- Can use a holistic approach
- = to accommodate conflicting demands of different water users
- Can use a holistic approach
- Factors impact water quality
- Agriculture
- Industry
- Domestic use
- Wildlife
- Recreation and lesiure
- Aims of drainage basin planning
- Run-off
- Afforestation projects
- Reduce artificial drainage
- Permeable surfaces in urban areas
- Surface storage
- Restoring wetlands
- Groundwater storage
- Limiting abstraction of water
- Limiting artificial recharge
- Run-off
- Example = England and Wales
- EU's Water Directive Framework
- 10 river basins identified
- Identify major catchments by districts
- Each district has its own River Basin Management Plan
- Joined by DEFRA (Departement for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs)
- Sets targets on
- Water quality
- Abstraction rates
- Groundwater levels
- Each district has its own River Basin Management Plan
- EU's Water Directive Framework
- Water management is most effective at basin scale
- Forestry
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