Chapter 2 - Major Parts of the Digestive System

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  • Created by: Chloe
  • Created on: 18-03-14 14:11
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  • Major Parts of the Digestive System
    • Oesophagus
      • Carries food from the mouth to the stomach
      • Adapted for transport not digestion or absorption
      • Made up of a thick muscular wall
    • Stomach
      • A muscular sac with an inner layer that produces enzymes
      • Its role is to store and digest, especially proteins
      • It has glands that produce enzymes which digest proteins
    • Small Intestine
      • A long muscular tube
      • Food is further digested here by the enzymes that are produced by its walls and by glands that pour their secretions into it
        • The surface area of these villi is further increased by millions of tiny projections, called microvilli on the epithelial cells of each villus
      • The inner walls of the small intestine are folded inot villi which gives them a large S.A.
    • Large Intestine
      • Absorbs water
      • Most of the water that is reabsorbed comes from the secretions of the many digestive glands
        • The food withihn the large intestine therefore becomes drier and thicker in consistancy and form faeces
    • Rectum
      • Final section of the intestines
      • The faeces are stored here here before periodically being removed via he anus in a process called EGESTION
    • Salivary Glands
      • Situated near the mouth
      • They pass their secretions via a duct into the mouth
        • These secretions contain the enzyme amylase, which breaks down starch into maltose
    • Pancreas
      • A large gland situated below the stomach
      • It produces a secretion called pancreatic juice.
        • This secretion conatins proteases to digest proteins, lipase to digest lipids and amylase to digest starch
  • Most of the water that is reabsorbed comes from the secretions of the many digestive glands
    • The food withihn the large intestine therefore becomes drier and thicker in consistancy and form faeces

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