Metals
- Created by: Clare
- Created on: 21-02-13 18:39
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- Metals
- Metallic crystals
- Giant structure of positrive ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons
- Malleable
- Layers of positive ions can slide over each other
- Conduct electrocity
- Delocalised electrons move to pass electric current
- Delocalised electrons sea is formed from the outer shell electrons
- They can now move between ions instead of being associated with 1 atom
- Reactivity
- Potassium
- Sodium
- Lithium
- Electrolysis
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Aluminium
- Electrolysis
- Calcium
- Electrolysis
- Aluminium
- Electrolysis
- Magnesium
- CARBON
- Zinc
- Displacement with carbon
- Iron
- Displacement with carbon
- Copper
- Silver
- Gold
- Found naturally
- Silver
- Found naturally
- Extraction
- Ores
- Naturally occuring rocks which contain a metal in a high enough concentration to makje it worthwhile extrcting
- More expensive if: Ores are hard to obtain, expensive extraction method, low percentage in the ore
- Ores often contain metal oxides
- REDUCTION
- Lose oxygen and become metals
- REDUCTION
- Ores
- Uses
- Aluminium
- Low density metal
- Resistant to corrosion
- Strong
- Reflective
- Drinks cans
- Electricity cables
- Aircraft parts
- Bike frames
- Mirrors/ Reflectors
- Copper
- Excellent conductor of heat and electricity
- Malleable
- Ductile
- Plumbing
- Electrical wiring
- Doesn't corrode in water
- Gold
- Jewellery
- Dentistry
- Electrical conductor
- Doesn't corrode
- Aluminium
- Rusting
- Rust= iron oxide
- Completely changes a metals properties
- Soft crumbly substance that forms on the surface of iron/ steel
- Iron + Oxygen= (Hydrated) Iron oxide
- Can be oxygen in air or in water
- Regular cleaning/ oil and grease
- Galvinising/ Sacrificial protection
- Putting a layer of a more reactive metal which turns to metal oxide
- Forms a protective layer (Zinc oxide)
- Putting a layer of a more reactive metal which turns to metal oxide
- Electrolysis
- Expensive due to high cost of electricity
- Breaking up a compound by passing an electrical cuirrent thought he solution
- Positive Anode
- Loses electrons= OXIDISED
- OIL RIG
- Loses electrons= OXIDISED
- Liquid only so ions can move
- Extracting Aluminium
- Bauxite (ore) remove impurities= Aluminium
- Melted Aluminium oxide
- Cryolite lowers melting point
- Negative tank with 3 positive electrodes made of carbon
- Oxygen collects on positive electrodes which must be replaced often as CO2 is formed
- O2- = O2 + 4e-
- Aluminium collects at bottom and is piped off
- Al3+= Al + 3e-
- Negative Cathode
- Gains electrons= REDUCED
- OIL RIG
- Metal produced here
- Gains electrons= REDUCED
- Use= electroplating-improve appearance and protect
- Solution contains IONS= positive and negative
- More reactive element stays in solution
- Copper can be purified
- IONIC- there are charged particles
- Alloys
- Mixture of different metal atoms
- Changes the properties of a metal
- Memory alloys
- Return to their shape after being deformed
- Braces, Spectacle frames
- Return to their shape after being deformed
- Pure metals have atoms of the same size arranged in layers so they just slide over each other= soft and brittle
- Add in atoms of different sizes which interfere and make the metal stronger
- +Carbon= Stronger
- +Titanium= stronger, lighter
- +Chromium= corrosion resistant
- Recycling
- Ores are non renewable
- Advantages
- Reduces energy use in extraction and transport
- Less environmental damage from mining
- Saves money
- Reduces landfill
- Metallic crystals
- Metal produced here
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