Lungs and Lung Disease
- Created by: Dominic Hayward
- Created on: 11-10-13 19:13
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- Lungs and Lung Disease
- Mammalian Lungs
- Located inside the body because
- they would lose water and dry and dry
- air is not dense enough to hold these structures
- Parts of the lungs
- The alveoli are minute air sacs at the end of bronchioles. Contains collagen and elastic fibres. This allows the alveoli to expand and spring back.
- The trachea is an airway made of cartilage-this prevents the trachea from collapsing in on itself.
- Lined with ciliated epithelium and goblet cells. The goblet cells produce mucus ant the cilia move the mucus to the stomach.
- The Bronchi are two versions of the trachea-containing goblet and ciliated epithelium cells.
- The lungs are a pair of structures that contain bronchioles and alveoli.
- The bronchioles are a sub division of the bronchi. They contract to control the flow of gaseous substances in the alveoli.
- Located inside the body because
- Pulmonary ventilation
- Pulmonary ventilation=tidal volume x ventilation rate
- tidal volume is the volume of air taken in in a normal breath. Ventilation rate is how many breaths taken in one minute.
- Pulmonary ventilation=tidal volume x ventilation rate
- Alveoli
- How is the alveoli adapted for its function?
- Partially permeable
- Very thin
- Moist
- Large surface area:volume
- Good blood supply
- Fick's Law
- diffusion is proportional to: surface area x difference in concentration/ length of diffusion path
- Alveoli are thin so a there is a small length of diffusion path etc.
- Role of the alveoli
- Diffusion happens fast because:
- large surface area of capillaries and alveoli
- The walls are very thin
- ventilation circulation happens at the same time.
- The red blood cells are pushed against the alveoli
- concentration gradients are maintained
- Red blood cells are slowed to allow more time for diffusion
- Diffusion happens fast because:
- How is the alveoli adapted for its function?
- Lung diseases
- Pulmonary Tuberculosis
- Symptoms include tiredness, persistent cough and loss of appetite.
- Course of infection
- The bacteria grow and divide where there is a lot of oxygen
- White blood cells engulf the bacteria
- This leads to inflammation of the lymph nodes
- Usually controlled within a few weeks, but it can re emerge in a few years
- The bacteria destroy lung tissue
- The sufferer coughs up damaged lung tissue
- The bacteria destroy lung tissue
- Usually controlled within a few weeks, but it can re emerge in a few years
- This leads to inflammation of the lymph nodes
- White blood cells engulf the bacteria
- The bacteria grow and divide where there is a lot of oxygen
- Pulmonary Fibrosis
- when scars on the epithelium of the lungs thicken.
- Breathing is made harder due to the lungs having less surface area
- Symptoms
- Pain in chest due to pressure
- Dry cough
- Weakness from reduced intake of oxygen
- Shortness of breath due to less space in the lungs
- when scars on the epithelium of the lungs thicken.
- Asthma
- An allergen causes the white blood cells to secrete a chemical called histamine
- The lining becomes inflamed
- More mucus is produced
- Fluid enters the airways
- The bronchioles constrict
- Fluid enters the airways
- More mucus is produced
- The lining becomes inflamed
- Symptoms
- A tight chest
- A wheezing sound when breathing
- Coughing
- Difficulty in breathing
- An allergen causes the white blood cells to secrete a chemical called histamine
- Emphysema
- Where the elastin has been scarred. This elastic becomes permanently stretched so air isn't forced out.
- Symptoms
- Chronic cough
- Blue skin colour
- Shortness of breath
- Pulmonary Tuberculosis
- Mammalian Lungs
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