Lungs and lung disease
- Created by: Jenny
- Created on: 18-05-13 10:33
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- Lungs and lung disease
- Structure
- Lungs
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
- Lungs
- Mechanism
- Expiration
- Intercostal muscles contract
- Ribs move downwards and inwards- decreasing volume
- Diaphragm muscles relax- return to dome shape
- Decrease in volume thorax increase pressure
- Pulmonary pressure greater than atmosphere- air forced out
- Inspiration
- External muscles contract
- Rips pulled upwards and outwards- increasing volume
- Diaphragm muscles contract- flatterns
- Increase in volume of thorax decrease pressure
- Atmosphere pressure greater than pulmonary- air forced out
- Expiration
- Features
- Large SA to volume ratio
- Very thin
- Partially permable
- movement of internal medium
- Movement of the environmental medium
- Pulmonary Tuberculosis
- Cause and symptoms
- Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Persistent cough
- Tiredness
- loss of appetite
- Fever and coughing up blood
- Transmission
- Spread through the air- released when infected individual sneezes, cough, laugh or even talk
- Groups at greater risk
- In close contact with infected individual over long period of time
- Work or live in long term care facilities
- Countries were TB is common
- Those with weakened immunity
- Cause and symptoms
- Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Effects
- Shortness of breath, especially when excerising
- Chronic , dry cough
- Pain and discomfort in the chest
- Weakness and Fatigue
- Scars form on the epithelium of the lungs- irreversible thickened
- Lengthens diffusion pathway
- reduce in elasticity
- volume of air reduced
- Effects
- Asthma
- Allergens cause whit blood cells to release histamine
- Lining of airways become inflamed
- cells of epithelium lining secrete excess mucus
- Fluid leaves capillaries into airways
- Muscles around bronchioles conact
- Effects
- Difficulty breathing
- Wheezing sound when breathing
- Tight feeling in chest
- Coughing
- Allergens cause whit blood cells to release histamine
- Emphysema
- Elastin has become permanently stretched
- No longer able to force all air out of aveoli
- Effects
- Shortness of breath
- Chronic cough
- Blue skin colouration
- Elastin has become permanently stretched
- Structure
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