lungs

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  • Lungs
    • Mechanisms of breathing
      • Ventilation - the movement of air in and out of the lungs
      • Inspiration - the process by which air is brought into the lungs
      • Expiration - the process by which air is forced out of the lungs
      • Diaphragm - sheet of muscle, seperates thorax from abdomen
      • Intercostal muscles - lie between the ribs, involved in inspiration and expiration
    • Inpiration
      • Active process
      • External intercostal muscles contract while the internal relax
        • Ribs move up and out and the diaphragm contracts causing it to flatten
          • This increases the volume and decreases the pressure
            • Atmospheric pressure is greater than pulmonary pressure so air moved into the lungs.
    • Expirtation
      • Passive process
      • Internal intercostal muscles contract while the external relax
        • Ribs move down and in, diaphragm relaxs returnin to its dome shape
          • Decreases the volume increasiing the pressure
            • Pulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure so air moves out
    • Pulmonary ventilation
      • Total volume of air breathed into the lungs in one minute
      • Pulmonary venti = tidal volume x ventilation rate
      • Tidal volume - volume of air taken in in one breath
      • Ventilation rate - number of breaths per minute
    • Features of exchange surfaces
      • Untitled

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