Lungs
- Created by: emma
- Created on: 06-03-14 18:40
View mindmap
- Lungs
- Structure
- Trachea
- Brochi
- Brochiole
- Alveoli
- Diaphragm
- Breathing
- Inhalation
- Rib muscles contract expanding rib cage
- diaphragm contracts and moves down
- Lung volume increases
- Pressure in lung less than outside
- Air moves into lungs
- Pressure in lung less than outside
- Lung volume increases
- diaphragm contracts and moves down
- Rib muscles contract expanding rib cage
- Exhalation
- Rib muscles relax
- Diaphragm relaxes
- Lung volume decreases
- Pressure in lungs greater than outside
- Air move out of lungs
- Pressure in lungs greater than outside
- Lung volume decreases
- Diaphragm relaxes
- Rib muscles relax
- Pulmonary ventilation= ventilation rate * tidal volume
- Inhalation
- Alveoli
- Many alveoli with many capillaries
- Provides a large surface area
- Ventilation of air in lungs and circulation of blood
- Maintains concentration gradient
- Alveolar epithelium is thin
- Short diffusion distance
- Many alveoli with many capillaries
- Disease
- Tuberculosis
- Bacteria transmitted in droplets
- Engulfed by phagocytes
- Encased in tubercle
- Lays dormant
- If immunosuppressed bacteria activate
- Bacteria destroy alveoli
- scar tissue forms (increase diffusion distance)
- Bacteria destroy alveoli
- If immunosuppressed bacteria activate
- Lays dormant
- Encased in tubercle
- Engulfed by phagocytes
- Bacteria transmitted in droplets
- Fibrosis
- Damage to epithelium and scarring
- Reduces rate of diffusion as diffusion distance increases
- Reduces elasticity of lungs so breathing less efficient (concentration gradient)
- Damage to epithelium and scarring
- Asthma
- Allergic reaction triggers white blood cells to release inflammatory chemicals
- Inflamed bronchial tube reduces air flow through
- Effects concentration gradient
- Inflamed bronchial tube reduces air flow through
- Allergic reaction triggers white blood cells to release inflammatory chemicals
- Emphysema
- Irritants e.g smoking
- Elastic tissue becomes damaged
- Less air leaves lungs (concentration gradient)
- Less oxygen reaches tissue for respiration
- Alveolar wall breaks down and fills with fluid
- Increased surface area for diffusion
- Elastic tissue becomes damaged
- Irritants e.g smoking
- Tuberculosis
- Structure
Comments
No comments have yet been made