lungs
- Created by: kierasanghera
- Created on: 23-05-16 12:34
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- lungs
- sequence air passes into human lungs
- 1.nasal passages
- 2.pharynx (throat)
- 3.larnyx
- 4.lung
- 5.bronchi
- 6.bronchioles
- 7.alveoli
- trachea
- white tube which carries air to the bronchus
- about 20 rings of hard cartilage keep the passage open during pressure changes
- cartilage rings are c shaped, seperated by muscle and elastic tissue
- soft tissue allows trachea to be flexible and stretch
- bronchus
- first branch of the trachea
- allows passage of air into the bronchioles
- also have cartilage in the walls to keep them open
- bronchioles
- smaller branches of the bronchus
- end in clusters of alveoli
- smaller bronchioles have only muscle fibre and elastic tissue so they can contract and relax easily during respiration
- alveolus
- mini air scs
- lined with epithelium
- gas exchange surface
- covered with a network of capillaries
- provide a large surface area for gas exchange
- cartilage
- flexible,supporting material
- incomplete rings support the smooth muscle keeping the tubes open
- prevents trachea and bronchi from collapsing when air pressure lowers during ventilation
- smooth muscle
- contracts and relaxes
- elastic fibres
- stretches and recoils
- goblet cells
- produces mucus
- ciliated epithelium
- fine hair like outgrowths
- synchronised movement to transport substances across pharynx
- fine hair like outgrowths
- inhalation
- external intercostal muscles contract
- ribcage moves up and out
- volume of thorax increases
- diaphragm muscles contract
- pressure decreases
- air pulled in
- exhalation
- external intercostal mucles relax
- diaphram relaxes
- ribcage moves in and down
- volume decreases
- pressure increases
- air is pushed out
- spirometer
- soda lime can removes excess carbon dioxide
- person breaths in and out into mouth piece, spiirometer moves up and down
- controls movement of pen up and down to mimic breathing
- mouth piece connects to the tube into the chamber
- tidal volume: volume of air breathed in or out in a normal breath
- residual volume:volume of air that remains in the alveoli after forced exhalation
- vital capacity:volume of air that can be exchanged with maximum inhalation and maximum exhalation
- sequence air passes into human lungs
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