Long Term Memory
- Created by: RahmaM
- Created on: 28-12-14 16:53
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- Long Term Memory
- Duration
- BAHRICK ET AL 1975
- Aim: Establish existence of long term memory and differences between recognition and recall
- Procedure: 392 graduates were shown photographs from their high school year book
- RECOGNITION: Each photo, participant given group of names. Match names to faces
- RECALL: Participant given photos only
- Findings: 90 % Correct after 14 years after graduation, 80% correct after 25 years 60% after 47 years
- Procedure: 392 graduates were shown photographs from their high school year book
- Conclusion: People can remember certain types of information for up to a lifetime. Recognition > Recall
- Supporting evidence this study: Shepard 1967. Participants able to recognise pictures seen an hour earlier when viewed. Still able to recall about 50% of photos four months after
- Information is meaningful and relates to participants
- Aim: Establish existence of long term memory and differences between recognition and recall
- Potentially up to a life time
- BAHRICK ET AL 1975
- Encoding
- Semantic
- BADDELEY 1966
- Aim: To discover the effects of acoustic and semantic coding in LTM
- Procedure: Participants divided into 4 groups and shown list of 10 words from one of four categories. After interval of 20 mins while doing another task, were asked to recall words in correct order.
- Acoustically similar: (man,mad,map)
- Acoustically dissimilar (pen,day,few)
- Semantically similar (great, large, big)
- Semantically dissimilar (hot, old, late)
- Findings: Recall was much worse for semantically similar words 55% accuracy than semantically dissimilar 85% accuracy
- Procedure: Participants divided into 4 groups and shown list of 10 words from one of four categories. After interval of 20 mins while doing another task, were asked to recall words in correct order.
- Aim: To discover the effects of acoustic and semantic coding in LTM
- Semantic encoding makes cognitive sense.
- Different types of LTM, procedural memory and episodic memory are rarely researched, may not be encoded in the same way
- Difficult to see how smells and tastes could be encoded semantically
- Capacity
- ANOKHIN 1973
- Estimated the number of possible neuronal connections in human brain is 1 followed by 10.5 million km of noughts. Suggesting capacity is limitless
- LINTON 1975
- Spent six years creating diary of 5,500 personal events. Tested herself for recognition of events each month. Excellent recall of dates
- WAGENAAR 1986
- Created diary of 2,400 events over six years. Recall on events rather than dates. Excellent recall
- Potentially unlimited
- ANOKHIN 1973
- Memory of events that have happened in the past. From 2 minutes to 100 years.
- Duration
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