Loftus + Palmer

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  • Created by: kallese
  • Created on: 16-10-19 17:37
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  • Loftus + Palmer
    • Experiment 2
      • Sample
        • 150 Students, split into 3 groups
      • Research Method
        • Lab- using independent measures. IV- wording of question then the question 'did you see any broken glass?'. DV-answer either yes/no.
      • Procedure
        • All participants were shown a one-minute film which contained a 4-second multiple car crash.
        • They were then given a questionnaire which asked them to describe the accident and answer a set of questions about the incident
        • There was a critical question: One group asked, “About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?” - Another group asked, “About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other?” - The third group did not have a question.
        • One week later, all participants, without seeing the film again, completed another questionnaire about the accident which contained the further critical question, “Did you see any broken glass – Yes/No?”  There had been no broken glass in the original film
      • Results
        • Yes-(Smashed,16) (hit,7) (control,6). No-(Smashed,34) (hit,43) (control,44)
        • More participants in the ‘smashed’ condition than either the ‘hit’ or control groups reported seeing broken glass.
    • Experiment 1
      • Sample
        • 45 Students, 5 conditions- 9 to each group
      • Research Method
        • Laboratory Experiment, independent measures design. IV- wording of the critical question. DV- Estimated speed
      • Procedure
        • There was one critical question in the questionnaire: “About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other?
        • After each clip participants were given a questionnaire which asked them firstly to describe the accident and then answer a series of questions about the accident.
        • All participants were shown the same 7 film clips of different traffic accidents which were originally made as part of a driver safety film.
        • One group was given this question while the other 4 groups were given the verbs “smashed’, ‘collided’, ‘contacted’ or ‘bumped’, instead of ‘hit’.
      • Results
        • a) Speed estimates for the verbs used in the critical question. Smashed(40.5), Collided(39.3), bumped(38.1), hit(34), contacted(31.8)
    • Conclusions
      • The verb used in a question influences a participant’s response ie the way a question is phrased influences the answer given.
      • People are not very good at judging vehicular speed.
      • Misleading post event information can distort an individual’s memory
      • It is proposed that two kinds of information go into our memory. information gleaned during perception of  original events. The post-event information gained after the fact. Information will integrate over time and we will be unable to decipher which source of information.
  • Procedure
    • There was one critical question in the questionnaire: “About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other?
    • After each clip participants were given a questionnaire which asked them firstly to describe the accident and then answer a series of questions about the accident.
    • All participants were shown the same 7 film clips of different traffic accidents which were originally made as part of a driver safety film.
    • One group was given this question while the other 4 groups were given the verbs “smashed’, ‘collided’, ‘contacted’ or ‘bumped’, instead of ‘hit’.

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