LOFTUS AND PALMER (1974)
includes description of the study as well as evaluation
- Created by: gabriela.berg
- Created on: 03-10-19 17:51
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- Loftus and Palmer (1974)
- methodology + results
- laboratory experiment
- confounding variables are controlled; causal relationship
- EVALUATION
- ethical issues and social implications
- lack of valid consent -deception
- no psychological harm; but there would be if it was a real accident
- ethical issues and social implications
- EVALUATION
- confounding variables are controlled; causal relationship
- independent groups design
- Experiment 1
- participants shown 7 short clips of traffic accidents
- received a questionnaire after each clip
- About how fast were the cars going when they ____ each other?
- hit
- smashed
- the highest speed estimate (40.8)
- smashed
- smashed
- the highest speed estimate (40.8)
- collided
- bumped
- contacted
- the lowest speed estimate (31.8)
- hit
- About how fast were the cars going when they ____ each other?
- watching clips is not the same as witnessing a real life accident - lack of ecological validity
- Foster et al (1994) - watching a REAL LIFE robbery increases accuracy of recall
- EVALUATION
- ethical issues and social implications
- lack of valid consent -deception
- no psychological harm; but there would be if it was a real accident
- ethical issues and social implications
- received a questionnaire after each clip
- 45 participants
- participants shown 7 short clips of traffic accidents
- Experiment 2
- participants shown a film, including a 4-second car crash
- group 1 was asked the 'smashed' question
- they gave relatively high speed estimates
- group 2 was asked the 'hit' question
- they gave relatively low speed estimates
- group 3 was the control group and were not exposed to any question
- group 1 was asked the 'smashed' question
- one week later the participants were asked if they saw any broken glass
- 16/50 participants in the 'smashed' group recalled seeing broken glass
- only 7/50 participants in the 'hit' group said yes
- 150 participants; divided in 3 groups
- participants shown a film, including a 4-second car crash
- participants: US college students
- can't be generalised to other populations; e.g. elderly who have a problem remembering stuff
- can't be generalised to other populations; e.g. elderly who have a problem remembering stuff
- laboratory experiment
- conclusions
- The form of a question can affect a witness' answer
- the memory representation is altered
- the critical word changes memory so that their perception of the accident is altered
- response-bias factors
- the critical word influences or biases response
- the memory representation is altered
- The form of a question can affect a witness' answer
- methodology + results
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