Locomotor system for radiotherapy and oncology uni level
- Created by: Chloe
- Created on: 02-04-13 13:56
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- Locomotor system
- bone remodelling
- renews bone before deterioration sets in
- old bone absorbed by osteoclasts and replaced with new osteoid secreted by osteoblasts
- renews bone before deterioration sets in
- types of bone: short, irregular, sesamoid, long, flat
- Long: hard outer of compact bone and spongy inner (cancellous bone)
- both ends covered in hyaline cartilage: protects bone and aids in shock absorption
- Epiphysic: distal/proximal ends of bone. Diaphysis: shaft. Metaphysis: where diaphysis joins epiphysis. Periosteum: tough sheath surrounding bone surface where its not covered by cartilage. Medulla cavity: in diaphysis, contains bone marrow.
- sesamoid: short or irregular bones embedded in a tendon
- Long: hard outer of compact bone and spongy inner (cancellous bone)
- why do we need calcium:
- enzymes/nerve cells/blood clotting
- Functions of locomotor system
- Mineral homeostasis: stores minerals
- Haemopoesis
- Triglyceride storage: stores in yellow bone marrow
- support, movement, protection
- osteogenesis: process of laying down new bone material done by osteoblasts
- low levels of Ca (normal levels are 9-11mg/100mL
- parathyroid gland- PTH released
- decomp of bone so ca released ^ absorption of ca from urine by kidneys/from food by intestines
- parathyroid gland- PTH released
- fracture repair
- formation of fracture haematoma
- fibrocartilaginous callus formation
- bony callus formation + bone remodelling
- fibrocartilaginous callus formation
- formation of fracture haematoma
- ossification: process of bone formation which connective tissues are turned into bone
- Bone cells
- osteogenic
- unspecialised. derived from mesenchyme. undergo cell division. daughter cells develop into osteoblasts
- osteoblasts
- bone building cells. synthesise and secrete collagen. no cell division
- osteocyte
- mature bone cells. maintains daily metabolism. no cell division
- osteoclast
- breaks down bone matrix- resorption
- osteogenic
- Compact bone
- external layer of bone. bulk of diaphysis. OSTEONS. penetrated by vessels/lymphetc through volkmans canals.
- spongy bone
- TRABECULAE. makes up most of bone tissue of flat/short bones. forms epiphysis of long bones
- bone remodelling
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