Lipids, membranes and cholera
- Created by: emma
- Created on: 19-03-14 16:00
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- Lipids, membrane + cholera
- Structure
- Triglycerides
- 3 fatty acids joined to 1 glycerol
- Phospholipids
- 1 phosphate and 2 fatty acids attached to 1 glycerol
- Staturated
- No double c-c bonds in hydrocarbon chain
- Unsaturated
- Has double c-c bonds in hydrocarbon chain
- Triglycerides
- Emulsion test
- Add 2cm3 of ethanol to sample
- Shake mixture so fat dissolves
- Add water and shake again
- White cloudy emulsion of fat droplets form
- Add water and shake again
- Shake mixture so fat dissolves
- Add 2cm3 of ethanol to sample
- Diffusion
- Net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration
- Temperature, Surface area, Concentration gradient
- Facillitated diffusion
- Hydrophilic substances cant pass through hydrophobic phospholipid bilayer
- Moves through a channel protein or carrier protien
- Hydrophilic substances cant pass through hydrophobic phospholipid bilayer
- Osmosis
- Movement of water from a high water potential to low water potential across a partially permeable membrane
- Water potential
- Pressure created when free water molecules collide with membrane
- more free water molecules more pressure so greater water potential
- Pressure created when free water molecules collide with membrane
- Hypotonic
- Cell swells, high wp outside, low wp inside
- Hypertonic
- Cell shrivels, High wp inside, low wp outside
- Active transport
- Against concentration gradient
- Requires ATP and carrier protein
- Co transport
- Na and Glucose are co transported across membrane via facilitated diffusion
- At other side of cell Na is actively transported into blood
- maintaining low conc of Na in cell
- Glucose enters blood via facilitated diffusion from high to low concentration
- At other side of cell Na is actively transported into blood
- Na and Glucose are co transported across membrane via facilitated diffusion
- Cholera
- Releases toxin in small intestine
- Causes increases in active transport of ions into lumen
- Lowers water potential in lumen
- Water moves from cells into lumen via osmosis
- Causes diarrhoea
- Water moves from cells into lumen via osmosis
- Lowers water potential in lumen
- Causes increases in active transport of ions into lumen
- Oral re-hydration solution
- Contains Na and glucose
- Co transported into cells of small intestine
- Lowers water potential in cell
- Water moves from lumen into cell via osmosis
- Lowers water potential in cell
- Co transported into cells of small intestine
- Contains Na and glucose
- Releases toxin in small intestine
- Lactose intolerance
- No lactase enzyme so Lactose cannot be broken down
- It cannot be absorbed by small intestine
- Lactose remains in lumen which lowers water potential
- Water moves from cells into lumen via osmosis
- Lactose remains in lumen which lowers water potential
- It cannot be absorbed by small intestine
- No lactase enzyme so Lactose cannot be broken down
- Structure
- Joined by ester bond to glycerol and condensation reaction
- 1 phosphate and 2 fatty acids attached to 1 glycerol
- 3 fatty acids joined to 1 glycerol
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