Lipids
- Created by: milliehubbard1
- Created on: 19-04-17 14:30
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- Lipids and CVD
- Relevant lipids: cholesterol, fatty acids, phospholipids & triglycerides
- Cholesterol: alcohol linked to fatty acid by an ester bond. Amphiphillic: half soluble, half not
- Triglycerides: hydrophobic (insoluble)
- Lipids soluble at room temperature most likely to be saturated as have linear molecules
- Phospholipid: phosphate group makes the molecule polar
- Trans fatty acid: hydrogenated- created synthetically. Double bond from -cis to -trans.. Not naturally occurring so body finds difficult to deal with as not processed properly
- Eicosanoids: prostaglandin thromboxane leukotrienes
- Polarity determines how fats are distributed in circulation
- Transported as lipoproteins: shell (polar) and core (hydrophobic)Triglycerides make it buoyant, proteins make it dense
- Plasma lipoproteins: HDL (high) LDL (low) IDL(intermed.) VLDL (v low) Chylomicrons
- Familial hyper- cholestero- laemia: affects receptors for LDL (B100)
- Heterozygote: 50% affected, Cholesterol 8 Homozygote: 100% affected, Cholesterol 20 > develop CHD
- Signs: corneal arcus, xanthelasma, tendon xanthoma
- Cholesterol biosynthesis
- HMG-CoA reductase converts to mevalonate
- Statins: competitive inhibitors of enzyme, lower LDL by 25-50%
- Side effect: myositis (muscle)
- Statins: competitive inhibitors of enzyme, lower LDL by 25-50%
- HMG-CoA reductase converts to mevalonate
- Relevant lipids: cholesterol, fatty acids, phospholipids & triglycerides
- ApoB: VLDL, IDL, LDL, chylomicrons
- ApoA: HDL
- Receptor ligands: A1-HDL B48-chylomicrons B100-LDL
- Movement of triglycerides: Chylomicrons Gut to Liver VLDL - Liver to Tissues
- Movement of cholesterol: LDL - Liver to Tissues HDL - Tissue to Liver
- IDL: remnant from chylomicrons / VLDL
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