Lipids
- Created by: Mazza24
- Created on: 16-11-15 19:09
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- Lipids
- These contain carbon hydrogen and oxygen.
- Aren't soluble in water (hydrophobic) but they are soluble in organic solvents such as ether or ethanol
- phospholipids
- similar to triglycerides, except that one of the fatty acid molecules is replaced by a phosphate group.
- contain hydrophobic tails (fatty acid molecules) that are insoluable
- Cell membranes also contain the steroid cholesterol. Which is hydrophobic and is found wedged in the phospholipid bilayer.
- Hydrophilic heads (glycerol part) that are soluable
- are polar this property is important in determining their orientation + function in cell membranes.
- contain hydrophobic tails (fatty acid molecules) that are insoluable
- similar to triglycerides, except that one of the fatty acid molecules is replaced by a phosphate group.
- triglycerides
- Formed through the combination of glycerol and fatty acid molecules.
- are organic acids that form long hydrocarbon tails linked to a carboxyl group at one end of the chain
- In each triglyceride, one glycerol molecule is joined with three fatty acid molecules by (3) condensation reactions
- The condensation reactions are formed between the the -OH groups of the glycerol and the carboxyl group of each fatty acid. for each condensation reaction, an ester bond is formed
- Hydrolysis of a triglyceride (occurs during lipid digestion) uses three moles of water and produces three fatty acids and one molecule of glycerol
- E.g. Fats and Oils
- fats- solid at room temp. Oils- liquid at room temp.
- Excellent energy store as they release more energy per unit mass than carbohydrate
- Fats are also important for insulation and are stored below the skin to protect body organs
- Unsaturated and Saturated fatty acids
- Saturated
- contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms (i.e each carbon atom is linked with two hydrogen atoms)
- Carbon atoms are linked by C-C single bonds
- fats tend to be formed from saturated fatty acids
- Unsaturated
- have atleast one C=C double bond in the chain.
- +1 C=C -polyunsaturated
- 1 C=C -monounsaturated
- Oils tend to be form from TRIGLYCERIDES with unsaturated hydrocarbon chains (shorter chains)
- have atleast one C=C double bond in the chain.
- Saturated
- These contain carbon hydrogen and oxygen.
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