Line ups
- Created by: natjade96
- Created on: 21-04-15 14:49
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- Line ups
- Police & Criminal Evidence Act
- 2008
- Allow video line ups
- 1984
- Required police to conduct live ID parades whenever possible
- Use 8 distractors
- Valentine (2003)
- 640 eye witnesses in 314 real life line ups
- Correct suspect identified 4% of the time
- 20% identified incorrectly
- 40% failed to make an identification
- 2008
- System & Estimator Variables
- Wells & Olson found system & estimator variables influence identification
- System variables
- Witness given pre line up instructions e.g. suspect may not be in line up
- When told suspect might not be in line up, mistaken identification fell by 40%
- Distractors should not be so different that they stand out
- Witness given pre line up instructions e.g. suspect may not be in line up
- Estimator Variables
- Weapon during incident
- Enviromental conditions of incident e.g. time, weather, lighting
- Simultanous Line ups
- Witness views all people in a line at the same time
- Main problem- False positive choices are more likely
- Witness will choose whoever looks the most familiar and more so when they have not been told the suspect may not be in the line up
- Sequential Line ups
- Prevents relative judgement & encourages absolute judgement
- Witness sees each member of like up 1 at a time
- Dunning & Stem
- Eye witness who use process of eliminate are more likely to make false identification (supports sequential)
- VIPER
- Head & shoulder images stored on PC
- Advantages
- Sequential
- Easy to find foils
- Suspect description leads to selecting 8 similar foils which are shown for 20 secs each
- Witness can do this at their own convenience
- Don't get seen by suspect
- Cost & time effective
- Police & Criminal Evidence Act
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