body nd soul
- Created by: Ellen Hannah
- Created on: 20-05-14 17:29
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- Life after death
- Key terms
- Dualism: The belief that body + mind are seperate
- Monism: Body + mind = one thing
- Materialism: All things = made of physical things. There = no soul
- Plato (Dualism)
- Soul = more important than body
- Body = part of empirical world + subject to change + decay
- Soul has A priori knowledge + helps us gain insight into world of forms
- Soul = simple, eternal + unchanging
- Body has A posteriori knowledge of the world around us in terms of our senses helping us to reach true potential
- Soul = pre-incarnate, existing before it resided in human body
- Soul existed in world of forms + = attracted back to earth by appeties ----> Conflict between body +soul, only death frees the soul ---> sould reincarnated into another body + will return to world of forms
- Aristotle (Dualist + Monist)
- Soul = prperty of body but = inseperable
- Not substance like matter but gives matter to forms
- Ability to reason survives death
- When body dies, soul dies too
- Material Efficient Formal Final
- Four cases (MEFF)
- NIPLD: Nutrition, Intellect, Perception, Locomotion + Desire
- ANALOGY 1: IMPRINT IN WAX - soul + body cannot be separated like an imprint of wax cannot be removed from was
- ANALOGY 2: THE AXE - the physical product of an axe is like the body, + soul = like form of axe-what makes the axe able t chop
- ANALOGY 3: THE EYE - the physical eye = like body. Soul = eyes ability to see
- Dawkins (Materialist)
- Soul 1: Plato#s daulaist ideology (mythological concept)
- Soul 2: Idea that there = not really a soul as such, there = no afterlife, death = the end of consciousness
- Hamans carry DNA - passed on through reproduction which = only way of there being a continuing existence
- Each individual = product of evolution - not G-d
- Flew
- A tortion argument
- Life after death = incoherent because they = 2 mutually exclusive categories
- E.g. after plane crash you = dead OR alive
- Descartes (dualist)
- I think, therefore I am
- Logically possible to doubt all things include existence of body
- Mind = soul
- Persons true identity = their mind
- Body = divisible into parts + will thus decay
- PINEAL gland in brain = link between body + soul - only part that = singular + = home to single thought
- Hick (Materialist/monist)
- Complete bodily resurrection after death
- Body + soul = pyscho- somatic unity, they = connected + cannot be seperated
- Afterlife must include bodily resurrection because person has to have body to be person
- Replica theory = thought experiment tries to address issue of personal identity (example = john smith in NYC)
- When you die, your body +soul die too
- Extract replica = made of body + soul that = alive in heaven
- G-d = all-powerful + thus would find it easy to crate an exact copy. Replica has memories + characteristics of original so thus - same one.
- Ryle
- Mistake in use of language making the soul a separate word, e.g. foreigner 'where is the team spirit?'
- Idea of soul as a ghost in the machine = category mistake
- Has resulted in people speaking about soul + body as if they are separate phenomena
- foreigner watching cricket match: wheres the team spirit? the foreigner expect team spirit to be something identifiablly extra to player, equipment, etc
- Key terms
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