Self, Death and the Afterlife

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  • Self, Death and the Afterlife
    • the nature and existence of the soul
      • Dualism
        • argue we have composite natures, namely material and non-material
        • the soul/mind is immortal
          • parallelism
            • the mind and body are like 2 clocks
              • God is the regulator
        • Descartes
          • Interactionism
            • 'I think therefore I am'
          • Plato
            • The soul and the body are two separate substances that interact. The real identity of the person lies with the soul.
      • Materialism
        • The belief there's no separate part of the body called the soul
        • After the body dies the personal identity ceases to exist
        • Science will eventually be able to explain everything
        • Gilbert Ryle- 'The Concept of the Mind'
          • the soul is'the ghost in the machine
          • E.g. Foreigner watching cricket game
          • philosophical behaviourism
        • Dawkins
          • 'life is simply bytes and bytes of digital info'
          • the body fails when the brain cannot continue to work/exist
    • Descartes
      • “I think therefore I am” – Cogito ergo Sum
      • two substances interact through the pineal gland
      • Substance/Cartesian Dualism
        • the mind is res cogitans and the body is res extensa
        • 1-Argument from doubt
          • 2-Argument from divisibility and non-divisibility
            • 3-Argument from clear and distinct perception
      • 17th century
      • soul is infinite, body is finite
      • Criticisms
        • Gilbert Ryle- ghost in machine- university
        • Hume- soul substance solves nothing
    • Body and soul relationship
      • Physicalism
        • no body/soul relationship bc no soul
          • everything can be explained/described in terms of matter
            • reductive philosophy
            • mind is matter (finite)
              • little evidence of soul
                • evidence suggests mind is a physical substance e.g. dementia/brain damage
      • Functionalism
        • the mind is attached to the brain
          • just an info processing system
          • aren't interested in what the mind is made of
        • mind is a by-product of bodily functions
        • not a traditional body/soul relationship
          • functions can be multiply realised
      • Dual-aspect monism
        • no body/soul relationship bc only one substance
          • not dualism
            • monism=one entity
            • the brain- physical-objective-1st aspect
              • the activity within the brain-1st person subjective-2nd aspect
      • Interactionism
        • Descartes
    • Possibility of continued existence after death
      • Physicalist
        • largely materialists
          • cannot be without brain
            • Bertrand Russel- 'the self is completely bound to the fate of the brain'
            • May be able to survive death in the future- cryogenics- Daniel Dennet- upload brain  and store it
            • Christian POV- resurrection
              • Hick's replica theory
      • Metaphysical
        • soul survives
          • Plato- argument from opposites, argument from recollection
            • H.H. Price- disembodied existence
              • reincarnation, NDEs and mediums
      • Psychological
        • the impact we have and leave behind on others
          • Parfit the Bundle theory
            • Daniel Dennett- upload brain onto diff platform=psychological continuity
              • Buddhism-no self, impermanence. A flow of consciousness is the only thing that continues
                • Process thought- David Griffin

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atha

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Really good mind map ! :)

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