Liberialism

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  • Liberialism
    • What is liberalism?
      • Liberty is the freedom to pursue anything you want to
      • Rights are the tool of moral or political rights as a means of protecting individual liberties and other goods
      • Individualism:They are the general unit of concern
    • Concepts of liberalism
      • Locke's Liberalism
        • Government must act in accordance with its own laws to promote public good
          • When it doesn't, it can be removed by forced rebellion
        • The state of nature means that people are equal in their right tot enforce the law of nature
          • Yet the state of nature has weaknesses
            • It is subject to human bias of applying and enforcing it on others
              • Therefore, a government body who can act as a impartial body to apply the state of nature
                • A social contract is built and maintained through this simple premise
                  • The contract creates society but morality sets the limit on the social contract. This is because the majority selects the form of government
        • Distributive Justice
          • People come to society with property rights and the capacity to acquire it, this sets a limit that the state can demand from us
            • Nozick takes this to mean that there should be little to no redistribution of wealth in soceity
            • Due to the proviso that government can only control what they own and we a free to keep what we own (private vs public property)
        • Toleration
          • It is not the job of the government to ensure our spiritual wellbeing
          • (Hated Catholics because their allegiance came from a foreign source - Vatican)
          • The power of the state is force and is not adequate to solve religious/racial disputes
            • Rulers themselves are not more likely to have the right answer to toleration
      • Mill's Liberalism
        • The greatest threat to individual freedom is the tyranny of the majority
          • The harm principle
            • We have freedom as long as it does not infringe on others safety
          • The majority may consent to a system of government that harms others
      • Rawl's Liberalism
        • Two principles of justice that concern liberty
          • Basic liberties that are consistent in that everyone holds them in soceity
            • First Principle
              • Everyone has access to the most basic liberties that is compatible with them being equally held by everyone
            • Second Princple
              • Inequalities are allowed if
                • It is the greatest benefit for the worst of in society
                • Attached to offices and positions open to all
    • Abortion
      • The right to abortion
        • Everyone has a right to life
          • (or not to be killed)
        • Everyone has a right to control their own body
      • Moral Status of the foetus
        • There are many conflicting views when a fetus is considered a person, 22-23 weeks in UK
        • Others include
          • At contraception, at birth, when gain personhood, brain fully developed
      • Limits to democracy
        • Abortion is seen as akin to murder
        • Others defend a women's right to protect herself from harm, if abortion achieves this
        • The agreement between most sides is that abortion should not be decided by a majoritarian procedures
          • Because a majority vote cannot make murder or unjustified killing morally permissible
          • Because a woman's right to her own body should not be hostage to others religious/ethical beliefs
      • Thomson's Approach

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