Liberialism
- Created by: Joseph Timoney-Smith
- Created on: 19-04-17 12:27
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- Liberialism
- What is liberalism?
- Liberty is the freedom to pursue anything you want to
- Rights are the tool of moral or political rights as a means of protecting individual liberties and other goods
- Individualism:They are the general unit of concern
- Concepts of liberalism
- Locke's Liberalism
- Government must act in accordance with its own laws to promote public good
- When it doesn't, it can be removed by forced rebellion
- The state of nature means that people are equal in their right tot enforce the law of nature
- Yet the state of nature has weaknesses
- It is subject to human bias of applying and enforcing it on others
- Therefore, a government body who can act as a impartial body to apply the state of nature
- A social contract is built and maintained through this simple premise
- The contract creates society but morality sets the limit on the social contract. This is because the majority selects the form of government
- A social contract is built and maintained through this simple premise
- Therefore, a government body who can act as a impartial body to apply the state of nature
- It is subject to human bias of applying and enforcing it on others
- Yet the state of nature has weaknesses
- Distributive Justice
- People come to society with property rights and the capacity to acquire it, this sets a limit that the state can demand from us
- Nozick takes this to mean that there should be little to no redistribution of wealth in soceity
- Due to the proviso that government can only control what they own and we a free to keep what we own (private vs public property)
- People come to society with property rights and the capacity to acquire it, this sets a limit that the state can demand from us
- Toleration
- It is not the job of the government to ensure our spiritual wellbeing
- (Hated Catholics because their allegiance came from a foreign source - Vatican)
- The power of the state is force and is not adequate to solve religious/racial disputes
- Rulers themselves are not more likely to have the right answer to toleration
- Government must act in accordance with its own laws to promote public good
- Mill's Liberalism
- The greatest threat to individual freedom is the tyranny of the majority
- The harm principle
- We have freedom as long as it does not infringe on others safety
- The majority may consent to a system of government that harms others
- The harm principle
- The greatest threat to individual freedom is the tyranny of the majority
- Rawl's Liberalism
- Two principles of justice that concern liberty
- Basic liberties that are consistent in that everyone holds them in soceity
- First Principle
- Everyone has access to the most basic liberties that is compatible with them being equally held by everyone
- Second Princple
- Inequalities are allowed if
- It is the greatest benefit for the worst of in society
- Attached to offices and positions open to all
- Inequalities are allowed if
- First Principle
- Basic liberties that are consistent in that everyone holds them in soceity
- Two principles of justice that concern liberty
- Locke's Liberalism
- Abortion
- The right to abortion
- Everyone has a right to life
- (or not to be killed)
- Everyone has a right to control their own body
- Everyone has a right to life
- Moral Status of the foetus
- There are many conflicting views when a fetus is considered a person, 22-23 weeks in UK
- Others include
- At contraception, at birth, when gain personhood, brain fully developed
- Limits to democracy
- Abortion is seen as akin to murder
- Others defend a women's right to protect herself from harm, if abortion achieves this
- The agreement between most sides is that abortion should not be decided by a majoritarian procedures
- Because a majority vote cannot make murder or unjustified killing morally permissible
- Because a woman's right to her own body should not be hostage to others religious/ethical beliefs
- Thomson's Approach
- The right to abortion
- What is liberalism?
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