Liberalism Key Thinkers

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  • Key Thinkers (Liberalism)
    • John Locke (1632-1704)
      • Limited Government
        • a stateless society is one in which we would be devoid of freedom.
        • “life, liberty and estate.”
        • “where laws do not exist, man has no freedom.”
      • Social Contract
        • liberal framework centred upon limited government, individual rights and government by consent.
    • Betty Friedan (1921-2006)
      • Boundaries placed upon women (particularly mothers and housewives) and identified the multiple frustrations of those who felt trapped by the confines of social expectations.
      • Friedan claimed that women were prevented from fulfilling their potential in life
      • believed passionately in the emancipation of women from the confines of a patriarchal society.
    • John Rawls (1921-2002)
      • Society can be said to be fair when we can state that no-one would care what circumstances we would be born into
      • Rawls assumed that people would want a fairer society with adequate housing, safe neighbourhoods, a good education system and an unbiased criminal justice system.
      • 'Justice as Fairness'
    • John Stuart Mill (1806-73)
      • Majority opinion can be wrong as the majority holds no true authority and no absolute certainty.
      • sovereign entities capable of exercising free will.
      • state is only justifying in limiting our actions when those actions impinge upon the freedom of others
        • harm principle, free will, utilitarianism, the marketplace of ideas and electoral reform.
          • Majority opinion can be wrong as the majority holds no true authority and no absolute certainty.
    • Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-97)
      • argued that both men and women should be treated equally as rational human beings.
      • women were not naturally inferior to men
        • may appear to be because they’ve been denied educational opportunities
      • “a woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle”
      • "The personal is the political"

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