Liberal reforms

A mind map based of the CGP revision guides

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  • Created by: George_S
  • Created on: 21-03-14 15:58
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  • Liberal Reforms
    • The need for reform
      • Reports
        • CHARLES BOOTH
          • Life and Labour - 1989
            • 30% of all people in loden were living in SEVERE Poverty
          • Sitting at a BOOTH with Prince CHARLES
        • SEEBOHM ROWNTREE
          • 28% of all people in York were so poor they could not afford basic food and housing
          • The maker of the sweets ROWNTREE
        • After this attitudes began to CHANGE
        • In 1905 the CONSERVATIVE government set up a royal commission to look at the poor law
          • The poor law was the law set up to help poor people by sending them to work houses
          • The majority report
            • Enough was being done, the poor people made themselves poor by drinking and gambolling, it was their own fault
          • The Minority Reoport
            • This was where a few people believed that it was not their fault, Illness, Old age and a shortage of jobs made people poor and they though more should be done to help them
    • Elderly people
      • 1908
        • Old Age Pensions Act
          • The pension was for people over 70 on low incomes
          • it was a non-contributory scheme, you did not have to put anything in to take it out, the money was raised through taxes
          • £1 200 000 was set aside for the scheme
          • How much?
            • Single people with an income of less than £21 per year got 5 shillings per week
            • Married people with an income of less than £21 per year got 7s 6d (7 shillings & 6 pence) per week
            • Anyone with an income of £21 and £31 per year got a smaller pension
            • People with an income with more than £31 per year did not get a pension
          • the first pensions were given out on 1st Jan 1909
    • Children - they needed special protection
      • 1906
        • The School Meals Act
          • This allowed LEA to supply free school dinners paid for out of rates
            • Rates = Local Council Tax
      • 1907
        • 1907 - Free medical inspection and poor children got free medical treatment
      • 1908
        • The Childrens and Young Persons Act (Childrens Charter)
          • This gives children under 16 some legal protection.
          • It makes it Illegal for children under 16 to buy cigarettes, go into a pub or beg
          • It also set a Juvenile Court so young offenders wouldn't be tried as an adult
      • Herbert Samuel from the Home Office
        • He set up special prisons for young people known as Borstals so they would not have to go to adult prisons
    • The Working People
      • 1911
        • National Insurance Act
          • Part 1
            • Health Insurance
              • It covered worker earning less than £160 per year
                • Women
                  • They did not pay as much in or get as much out because they did not earn as much in the first place
                  • They got 7s 6d a week in sick pay
                  • they also got one off maternity grants of 30s
          • Part 2
            • Unemployment Benefit
              • this give the benefit for workers in Iron Founding, Ship building and Construction
                • These were industries where workers were quite regularly out of work for several weeks at a time
      • 1909
        • Trade Boards Act
          • Winston Churchill and William Beveridge
          • It was to help the sweated industry workers
          • it was Made up of an equal number of workers and employers and a neutral chairman
            • It was to help the sweated industry workers
            • The boards job was to set up a minimum wage for the industry
              • If they found Employers paying less than the minimum wage their trade board set could be fined
                • Factory inspectors enforced the Act
      • 1909
        • Labour Exchanges Act
          • Labour excanges were like job centres
            • Unemployed people could go there to find out about job vacancies
            • Whithin 5 years there was a network right across britain
            • One million jobs were filled a year
    • Effects
      • Lloyd George wanted to raise taxes to pay for the reforms
        • 1909
          • the 1909 budget was made to tax the rich more heavily than the poor so it became known as the peoples budget
            • To become law the Budget had to be passed though the House of commons and the House of Lords
              • The law got through the House of Commons even though it was opposed by the Conservatives but it was rejected by the House of Lords were the Conservatives held the majority
                • The liberals could not see a way6 of getting the Budget through Parliament.
                  • It was a constitutional crisis, the unelected House of Lords were blocking the elected House of Commons
                    • The Liberals held a general election to make sure they had the peoples support, they did and it finally got passed
                      • 1911
                        • The Parliament Act
                          • To prevent such a crisis happening again this act was passes. The Lords were no longer allowed to reject bills on financial issues. they were allowed to reject other bills twice
      • The Liberal reforms left some problems unsolved
        • Almost no of the new laws did not help the whole poipulation
        • The national insurance act part on did not cover the workers family and part two only covered a few industries
        • The reforms did not replace the Poor Law - work houses were not abolished until 1930
        • But the did change attitudes towards helping the poor

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