Levels of Processing
- Created by: individdy0410
- Created on: 21-03-16 11:22
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- Levels of Processing (Framework for Memory Research)
- Framework for memory research, developed by Craik & Lockhart (1972) to explain how memory works
- How well information is remembered depends directly on how it is processed
- Memory is a by-product of the information processing that occurs when attending to that information
- Unlike the msm, Craik & Lockhart argue that there are 2 main types of rehearsal needed to transfer information to the ltm
- Maintenance rehearsal; going over information again and again
- Elaborative rehearsal - recoding the information in some way
- Simply rehearsing information is not sufficient to account for ltm, it is the level/depth of the processing of information that determines the durability of the memory
- There are three levels at which information is processed - structural, phonetic and semantic
- Structural processing is the shallowest type of information processing, semantic is the deepest
- Structural: processing information for what it looks like, eg. whether or not a word is written in capital letters
- Shallowest form of information processing; involves the least cognitive effort so information at this level will be harder to remember or forgotten
- Phonetic: processing information for what it sounds like, eg. does the word rhyme with another word
- Semantic: processing information for what it means, eg. does it have the same meaning as another word
- Deepest form of information processing; involves the most cognitive effort so information at this level should be easily accessible and well remembered
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