Left and Right Realist crime polices

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  • Left and Right realist crime prevention policies.
    • Right Realist
      • ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME PREVENTION
        • Wilso and kelling - messy environmentsshow that no one cares.
        • Design out crime by altering the enviroment.
        • Encourages the community to take responsibility.
        • This makes the people feel safe - also CCTV helped the James Bulger case.
        • Farrington and West - 43% reduction in stoke on Trent.
          • Displacementrather than elimination.
        • Invasion of privacy
          • Extension of the maple gaze (fems)
      • ZERO TOLERANCEPOLICING
        • The police seek out crime, rather than waiting to be called.
        • Clamping down quickly and swiftly on the smallest of criminal behaviour.
        • More military style of policing
          • Alienates and marginalises.
        • NY in the 1990's - crime down 50%
          • Tony Blair also adapted this in the 2000's.
          • Crime was falling across the US where there was other policing styles.
      • SITUATION CRIME PREVENTION
        • Increases the risk, reduces the rewards.
        • CCTV, alarms, mosquito buzz, locks ...
        • Reduces the opportunity to commit crime.
        • Displacement- spatial, temporal, target, tactical or functional
          • Has been effective - less theft from phone boxes with steel boxes.
        • Emphasises the victims responsibility.
      • PUNISHMENT
        • Punishment can be expressive or instrumental.
        • Punishment serves a positive purpose.
        • Retribution deterant rehabilitation incapacitation
          • Interactionist labelling theory.
        • Wilson - the most important thing about punishment is that it is certain.
          • 75% of the prison population is W-C.
    • Left Realist
      • CONSENSUS POLICING
        • By responding to community requests, a relationship can be built.
        • Islington CS 1984 shows ZT policing has a - impact.
        • Police shouldn't over or under police anything.
        • Councils, social services, schools and the public should be involved.
        • 2012 police commissioners elected, and ensure the police reflect the community.
          • Gives the  community a voice.
          • Officers may not be taken as seriously.
          • Skogan research suggests this style of policing can be good.
      • SOCIAL CRIME PREVENTION
        • Examples include the sure start programme.
        • Tackle the cause of crime (inequality and poverty)
        • Raise living standards, reduce unemployment, improve education.
        • Programmes and minimum wage appear to help disadvantaged groups.
        • The success of these schemes are hard to measure.
        • Often criticised for being a waste of money.
      • PUNISHMENT
        • Want to focus on rehabilitationand restoration.
        • Use Braithwaites ideas to show that prison doesn't work.
        • Negative effects on ID and opportunities- reoffending is 70%.
          • Accepts the OCS
            • 75% of the prison population is W-C.
        • Restorative Justice encourages acceptance or responsibility
          • Focuses on low level crime.
        • Examples include the make good scheme.

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