Cognition - Lecture 9 (Components of Memory)
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- Created on: 04-04-16 17:43
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- Lecture 9 - Components of Memory
- Working Memory (WM): mechanism for holding in mind, in an active, highly available state, a small amount of information
- recently derived from processing of sensory input
- recently retrieved from long-term memory
- recently generated by ongoing operations
- as input for ongoing and imminent mental operations and overt actions
- Three reasons for positing a separate "working memory"
- Introspection: primary vs. secondary memory
- Physiology: info stored in current neural activity vs. changes in synaptic strength
- Something must hold new information during initial "consolidation" into LTM
- Complex information processing systems use temporary "work-spaces"
- To keep info being operated on readily available
- To temporarily store info that is not worth storing permamently
- Measuring short-term forgetting:
- The "Brown-Peterson" distraction paradigm
- P reads short list, tries to retain it while counting backwards by 3 until cued to recall
- Retention rapidly declines over time, then levels off; interval varies from trial to trial
- Probed recall
- S sees or hears a long sequence of items followed by a probe item that was in sequence
- Must recall the item that followed the probe
- Rapid forgetting followed by slower loss
- Free recall
- S sees/hears long sequence of items
- At end of list tries to recall as many as possible in any order
- If last few are recalled first, they are relatively well remembered - the recency effect
- The "Brown-Peterson" distraction paradigm
- The pattern of short-term forgetting
- Dual-trace theory:
- retrieval after short interval mediated by temporary rapidly-decaying trace; retrieval after longer interval mediated by a more permanent trace
- Dual-trace theory would be supported by:
- A) retention over short interval influenced by factors that don't influence retention over a long interval (Factor A)
- B) retention over long interval influenced by factors that don't influence retention over a short interval (Factor B)
- "Double dissociation" between the effects of A and B
- A) retention over short interval influenced by factors that don't influence retention over a long interval (Factor A)
- "Double dissociation" between the effects of A and B
- Single-trace theory: trace decays rapidly to start with, then more slowly
- Dual-trace theory:
- Working Memory (WM): mechanism for holding in mind, in an active, highly available state, a small amount of information
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