Cognition - Lecture 8 (Human Cognition pt.3)
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- Created on: 04-04-16 15:41
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- Lecture 8 - Human Cognition
- Route contribution to normal reading
- Depends on how familiar the word is:
- High frequency words don't produce much of a homophone effect, low frequency do
- If repeated experience has established a strong O-S mapping, spelling activates meaning quickly enough for semantic decision before indirect activation of meaning via pronounciation
- Depends on how familiar the word is:
- Measuring brain activation:
- Blood flow / oxygenation measures: PET, fMRI
- Electrophysiological (EEG) recordings, especially event-related potentials (ERPs) from scalp electrodes, and magneto-encephalography (MEG) surface voltage and magnetic fields generated by electrical activity of neurons
- Both allow us to "look inside the head" and measure activity of parts of the brain
- TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation)
- Used to disrupt function, very briefly, in region of cortex
- Brief electrical pulse of coil induces brief (1ms) but strong magnetic flux, which causes disruptive electrical activity in underlying axons
- From print to meaning: 2 possible pathways
- TEXT
- Orthography(spelling pattern)
- Semantics (meaning)
- Phonology (pronunciation)
- Phonology (pronunciation)
- Semantics (meaning)
- Orthography(spelling pattern)
- Some brain damaged patients can understand (some) written words but cannot access their sound pattern
- TEXT
- Dyslexia
- Surface dyslexia: OK reading of regular words and nonwords, impaired reading of exception words, tendency to regularise (e.g. broad= “brode”)
- Phonological dyslexia: OK reading of higher frequency words, both regular and exception words, impaired reading of nonwords and unfamiliar words.
- Deep dyslexia: Impaired access to pronunciation for all words + semantic approximations (e.g. tulip-daffodil)
- Route contribution to normal reading
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