Learning Model of Addiction
- Created by: mollyb
- Created on: 14-06-13 17:37
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- Learning Model
- Classical Conditioning
- learning through association . Addicts associate two things together, e.g. a good time in the pub with a good time drinking
- Meyer et al
- found that when addicts saw a hypodermic needle it created positive feelings about heroin. indicates addicts have developed a strong association
- White and Hiroi
- studied rats who had been given amphetamine injections in different locations. they showed strong links to any location in which they were given the drug in causing relapse.
- Operant Conditioning
- learning through reinforcement, the dopamine released when you take a drug or win at gambling is a reward and when a behaviour is rewarded it is more likely to repeat.
- If alcohol reduces the amount of anxiety felt in a social situation then it is seen as a positive reward and and will reinforce drinking
- particularly effective on a Variable Ratio (VR) schedule. in VR the reward haooens every now and then at random producing strong consistent addictive behaviour
- Claridge and Davis
- found that dopamine reward pathways are activated at the mere sight of a line of cocaine. suggesting that addicts are reinforced not only by the sight but also by being offered it.
- Sharpe
- stated that VR schedule cannot explain gambling because loses outweigh gains. perhaps big wins in early gambling bias their view
- Reddish
- created a computer learning model based on biological dopamine pathways that would learn addiction. shows continuation of biological and cognitive approach
- Social Learning Theory
- learning through others, 'vicarious learning. It is thought that we learn addiction through observing others and will copy the behaviour if it is rewarded
- The media is seen to have an affect on addiction as it displays role models doing risky behaviours and being rewarded for it such as Amy Winehouse
- Bahr et al
- found teenagers were more likely to take drugs if they witnessed peers taking drugs. SLT can be considered as an explanation for iniation
- Classical Conditioning
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