Laos- LIDC
- Created by: lizzie.cotton
- Created on: 06-06-18 09:17
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- Laos- Thailand LIDC
- Laos is landlocked- suffer in trade and relations with other countries, 73% of people are employed in agriculture, new member of ASEAN
- patterns of emigration and immigration
- in 2013, 1.29 million emigrated abroad- mainly to Thailand
- 20,000 immigants live in laos, as it is landlocked there aren't many opportunities
- Emigration to Thailand
- push: farming doesn't make much money, lack of other jobs in rural areas, insufficient land for farming- droughts lead to food insecurity
- pull: other people have been successful who have returned home, there's a higher minimum wage-300 baht, migrant remittances are the main source of income, Thailand has a need for unskilled workers as they have a fast growing economy.
- migration made easier- familiarity with Thai culture and language, improved access across Mekong, member of ASEAN
- migration policies
- Laos is a source country for human trafficking, 36% were under 15- increasing number of entrants into work force. vulnerability of young migrants to forced labour and sex exploitation in Thailand is a concern for governments and NGOs.
- government policies have been ineffective- many young migrants to not receive the required passport.
- Loa PDR ministry of labour and social welfare are working in co operation with IOM, UN strategies and NGOs to implement anti trafficking strategy
- 3 aims- prevention: awareness campaigns, education, child protection. Protection: reintegration of returning migrants and shelters for women who may need it. Prosecution: investigation of trafficking networks.
- Loa PDR ministry of labour and social welfare are working in co operation with IOM, UN strategies and NGOs to implement anti trafficking strategy
- Subject to laws of ASEAN on migration
- interdependence with countries linked to Laos by migration
- Laos- Thailand migration corridor is dominated by outward flow of unskilled workers- contribute to Thai economy in construction, agriculture and factory work; remittances assist development in Laos
- Signed agreements to build rail links between Thailand and Vietnam- also high speed rail link to china- open Laos up to development
- Laos to Thailand- completion of the friendship bridge has help strengthen communication and trade - Thailand is closest access to sea for Laos
- opportunities
- Migration corridor between Laos and Thailand is largest within ASEAN, helped to stimulate political and economic co operation in terms of trade, investment and security
- political stability is improving between Laos, Thailand a vietnam
- migrant remittances are very important to Laos- 22% of families live bellow poverty line- impact of money ranges from buying domestic appliances to farming machinery
- Challenges
- most economic migrants are under 18 and low skilled- vulnerable to human trafficking and forced labour. Laos gov policy has been difficult to implement relies on governance of other organisations
- loss of skilled labour e.g. mechanics to Thailand- set to increase
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