English Language Change
- Created by: Former Member
- Created on: 18-11-13 16:21
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- Language Change
- Contemporary English 1990-
- Growing influence of popular culture and technology
- Rapid emergence and loss of neologisms
- 'Conveyor belt'
- Rapid emergence and loss of neologisms
- Increasing informality
- Why are these processes at work?
- Individuality and Identity
- Membership of a group
- Emphasis and Emotion
- Quicker communication
- Trends and fashion
- Humour and Playfulness
- Growing influence of popular culture and technology
- Modern English 1800 - 1990
- National provision of education
- RP taught as standard pronunciation
- Spread of standard variety of English
- Education for all, compulsory up to age of 12
- Lessened class gap
- Improved literacy rates
- RP taught as standard pronunciation
- The history of the Oxford English Dictionary
- Growing descriptive attitude to record new words
- During rapid expansion of English Language
- Increased influx of language from around the world
- Through colonialism, trade and travel
- Existing words change meaning, through broadening or narrowing
- Words lost meaning or became rarer (noted by OED)
- Increased influx of language from around the world
- First installment in 1884
- Only logged up to letter A
- Aim: log every word since 11th Century
- Noted pronunciation, spelling, usage, multiple meanings, etymology and shift in meanings
- Journalism and Broadcasting
- 18th Century - First newspaper
- Industrial Revolution - mass print production
- Beginning of 19th Century - nationwide newspapers
- Implemented standard English and accelerated linguistic change
- Early 20th Century - Public broadcasting (TV and Radio)
- RP ('BBC accent') considered to be proper way to speak, lack of represented regional variety
- Descriptivist linguistics began to recognise the validity of English varieties, that none are 'corrupt'
- RP ('BBC accent') considered to be proper way to speak, lack of represented regional variety
- Cultural dominance of English as a World Language
- Rise and fall of prescriptive grammarians
- National provision of education
- Early Modern English 1450 - 1750
- 1476 - Caxton's Printing Press
- Spreads standardised English
- There was still variation from SE in each text (due to individual printer's lack of education)
- Reproduction and circulation of texts for the masses
- Spread literacy
- Ordinary people can now look at texts
- Emulated South East language (most socially and economically regarded)
- Texts in English (rather than French or Latin)
- Prescriptivism began
- Spreads standardised English
- Context
- Improving transport and trade around country
- Low levels of literacy for poor
- No formal schooling for the poor
- The Grammarians (wrote prescriptivist texts)
- John Hart (1551) - The Opening of the Unreasonable Writing of Our Inglish Toung
- Bullokar - 'A Brief Grammar of English'
- Imposed their view of 'correctness' on others
- Feared the destruction of English's latinate structure
- Grammarians' latinate rules
- Multiple negation
- Functions of 'do'
- Preposition stranding
- Split infinitives
- Periphrases
- Untitled
- Lexical Expansion
- Shakespeare
- Readings from King James' Bible
- Inkhorn Controversy (16th and 17th Cent)
- Writers (e.g. Marlowe) brought Latin and Greek words into English Language
- Linguistic purists (e.g. John Cheke and Thomas Wilson) hated inclusion of foreign words
- English considered to be too large and awkward already
- Dictionaries, a prescriptivist form
- Writer’s values in inclusion of certain semantics, orthography, grammatical form and phonology
- Robert Cawdrey’s A Table Alphabetical was the first dictionary published solely in English in 1604
- Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language in 1755
- Great Vowel Shift (1350-1500)
- Peculiarities of English spelling, with regards to value of long vowels
- 1476 - Caxton's Printing Press
- Influence on Language Change
- Historical Events
- War
- Disease
- Industrial change
- Political change
- Natural and manmade disasters
- Generational Transfer
- Families transmit and shape our language
- Intercultural marriage gives wider varieties
- Social Factors
- Social Class
- Gender
- Sexuality
- Ethnicity
- Occupation
- Technological Advancement
- Education and Politics
- Historical Events
- Contemporary English 1990-
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