Language and Power
TYPES OF LANGUAGE AND POWER
- Created by: flick97x
- Created on: 09-12-14 16:03
View mindmap
- Language and Power
- Ideology
- Values and beliefs and world view that lie behind a speech or writing. Can be explicit or implicit.
- Power symmetry (equal encounters)
- Where participants have equal power
- Power asymmetry (unequal encounters)
- Participants have different levels of power
- Influential Power
- influencing through persuasion
- Power behind discourse
- refers to the background influences and structures that determine who has power eg. management
- Instrumental Power
- ways that inviduals or groups enforce and maintain power through eg.rules
- Enforce authority
- Grice's Maxims
- To maintain cooperation, people must adhere to four maxims.
- Quantity: appropriate amount of detail
- Quality: truth and do not knowingly mislead
- Relevance: keep to topic
- Manner: avoid ambiguity
- To maintain cooperation, people must adhere to four maxims.
- Face Act Theory
- Positive Politeness:
- eg How are you little man?
- Negative Politeness:
- eg its awfully cold in here
- Negative face threat:
- eg Shut that window?
- Positive face threat:
- eg. You look horrible
- Face is someones self esteem or emotional needs. Neg/Pos politeness mitigates a threat/avoids it. Positive is something personal and to do with you, like looks etc whereas negative is usually asking you to do something you dont want to.
- Mitigate a threat with politeness.
- Positive Politeness:
- Synthetic Personalisation
- the way in which advertising and other forms of communication use personalised language such as the second person (you)
- "We are so grateful to you" these are usually found in advertisments or charities
- the way in which advertising and other forms of communication use personalised language such as the second person (you)
- Imperative
- Command. These are usually found in rules. People with power could use these. Power shown if people followed them.
- eg Get out!
- Command. These are usually found in rules. People with power could use these. Power shown if people followed them.
- Bald on record
- When you say something to the point. No hidden meanings
- eg Get out! (Also a negative face threat)
- When you say something to the point. No hidden meanings
- Off record
- When you insinuate rather than be direct.
- eg Are you really goint to wear that?
- When you insinuate rather than be direct.
- Opt-out
- When you avoid the situation completely.
- eg What is that? Oh how are you?
- When you avoid the situation completely.
- Political Power
- power held by those with backing of the law.
- Personal Power
- power held by individuals as a result of their roles in organisation.
- Comes more into context with groups of friends
- power held by individuals as a result of their roles in organisation.
- Social group power
- Power held by being a member of a particular group
- Epistemic modality
- constructions that express degrees of possibilities, probability or certainty
- eg shall, will
- constructions that express degrees of possibilities, probability or certainty
- Deontic modality
- constructions that express degrees of necessity and obligation
- Ideology
Similar English Language resources:
Teacher recommended
Comments
No comments have yet been made