Language and Gender theories
- Created by: georgiasadler
- Created on: 20-04-14 17:16
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- LANGUAGE & GENDER THEORIES
- DEBORAH TANNEN
- STATUS V. SUPPORT
- Men seek to achieve the upper hand
- Women try and gain conformation
- INDEPENDANCE V. INTIMACY
- Men focus more on independance
- Women find it difficult to preserve intimacy - think more in terms of closeness
- ADVICE V, UNDERSTANDING
- To men, a complaint is a challenge to find a solution
- INFORMATION V. FEELINGS
- Giving information and brevity of speech are considered of less values than sharing emotions and elaboration
- ORDER V. PROPOSALS
- Women often try to suggest the actions of other indirectly
- Men prefer to hear a direct imperative rather than a suggestion
- CONFLICT V. COMPROMISE
- Some women refuse to oppose the will of others openly
- Men will resist vocally while women by appear to accede but complain afterwards
- STATUS V. SUPPORT
- PAMELA FISHMAN
- Conversation between two sexes sometimes fails because of how men respond or don't respond
- ROBIN LAKOFF (what women are more likely to do)
- Use hedges 'sort of', 'kind of'
- Use super-polite forms e.g. 'would you mind...' 'I'd appreciate it if...'
- Use tag questions
- Use empty adjectives
- Use direct quotations
- Question intonation in declarative statements - raise pitch at end of a declarative so it functions as an interrogative
- Speak less frequently
- Overuse qualifiers 'I think that...'
- Apologise more
- Avoid swearing
- Use indirect commands and requests
- Use more intensifiers
- Lack a sense of humour
- ZIMMERMAN & WEST
- Men are more likely to interrupt than women
- DEBORAH CAMERON
- women have been instructed in the proper ways of talking, just as they have been instructed in the proper ways of dressing
- GEOFFREY BEATTIE
- Men and women interrupt with more or less equal frequency
- PETER TRUDGILL
- Women are more likely and men are less likely to use prestige pronunciation of certain speech sounds
- JENNIFER COATES
- Said that all-woman conversations fit into a certain category
- HOUSE TALK
- Exchange of information and resources connected with the female role as an occupation
- SCANDAL
- Judging of the behaviour of others (women in particular)
- BITCHING
- Overt expression of women's anger at their restricted role and inferior status
- CHATTING
- Most intimate form of gossip
- DEBORAH TANNEN
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