language and power mindmap
- Created by: merlewalmsley
- Created on: 19-05-20 12:18
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- LANGUAGE AND POWER
- TYPES OF POWER
- Instrumental- ability to make people do something
- Influential- persuading someone to do something
- practical- power through physical actions
- knowledge- using information to persuade someone
- position power- gained from position in heirarchy
- personal- influences people through relationships
- WAREING
- political power- held by politicians, courts etc
- personal power- result of occupation or relationships
- social power- given as a result of social variables, e.g class, gender, age
- MODALITY
- Epistemic- how much confidence speaker has, e.g "may be" "can be"
- Deontic- expressing obligation or necessity, e.g "you must" or imperatives
- DISCOURSE STRATEGIES
- Oppressive-direct way of expressing power
- Repressive- indirect way of expressing power
- BROWN AND LEVINSON- FACE THEORY
- positive face- desire to be liked
- negative face- desire to be independant
- positive politeness strategies- flattery, compliments, being nice
- negative politeness strategies- hedging, formality, not threatening power
- GILES' ACCOMMODATION THEORY
- convergence- speech becomes more like the person being addressed
- divergence- speech becomes different from person being addressed
- upward convergence- speech moves closer to RP
- downward convergence- speech moves away from RP , perhaps more dialectal
- FAIRCLOUGH
- synthetic personalisation- using second person pronouns to appeal to audience
- power asymmetry- imbalance of power in discourse
- power in discourse- dynamics set up and performed
- power behind discourse- context of conversation that makes discourse play out in certain way
- conversationalism- texts are more colloquial to create bond with audience
- TYPES OF POWER
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