Language and Gender
- Created by: Katycann99
- Created on: 29-12-17 17:10
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- Language and Gender
- 4D's
- Dificit
- Deficient (Noun)
- Insufficient or inadequate
- To be deficient in a quality or ingredient is to not have enough of it.
- Deficient (Noun)
- Dominance
- The second approach to male and female talk focuses on the way in which men are seen as controlling and dominating in mixed-sex conversations
- Difference
- Diversity
- Dificit
- Robin Lakoff 1975
- He proposed that Women's language lacked authority when compared to that of men's
- Women's language is seen as Deficit
- Lakoff's Opinion
- Precise colour terms
- Weak expletive terms e.g. 'oh dear'
- 'empty' adjectives, e,g 'charming', 'sweet'
- Tag questions to show uncertainty
- More polite forms than males e.g. euphemisms such as 'spend a penny'
- More apologies than men
- The use of hedges 'sort of', 'you know'
- Intensifiers, e.g. 'so', 'very'
- Zimmerman and West
- 96% of all interruptions in mixed sex conversations were made by men
- Men are more likely to interrupt than women.
- 11 conversations between men and women- men interrupted 46 times and women only 2.
- they show this as a sign that women had restricted linguistic freedom and that men sought to impose their dominant status through applying explicit constraints in conversation practice.
- Carried out a study between parents and their children.
- The conclusion was that parents interrupted and assumed power in those interactions in the same way that men had done in mixed bulk.
- Men are forced to the most senior roles.
- Women are likely to get paid less than men for the same job.
- Women continue to play a greater role in careering for children- hit a glass window when having children- 40
- Dale Spender
- Builds on this, she identifies power with male patriarchal order in society.
- She states that language embodies structures that sustain male power.
- You interrupt people to support people- not just to control them.
- The pay gap is at 13.9% between men and women.
- Why do people interrupt?
- To show arrogance
- Being supportive and advising someone
- Illustrate hostility in a conversation (dislike someone)
- New speaker in a conversation
- If you have something relevant to say
- Beattie
- Found that Women and men interrupted with more or less equal frequency.
- 'The problem with this is that you may simply have one very voluble man in the study which has a disproportion on the total'.
- 4D's
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