Lakoff

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  • Lakoff 1975
    • Concluded that women adopted less authoritative roles than male speakers.
    • Lakoff identified the following features that characterised female talk
      • tag questions 'isn't it?'
      • hedges or fillers 'well'
      • empty adjectives 'amazing'
      • intensifiers 'really'
      • more polite forms than men 'powder my nose' (visiting the toilet)
      • avoidance of taboo, weak expletives 'oh sugar'
      • emphatic stress on specific words 'that dress is GORGEOUS'
      • precise colour terms 'taupe'
      • hypocorrect grammar
      • lack of sense of humour
    • Lakoff asserted that social conditioning was responsible for the more differential language used by women.
      • However other linguists argue that the differences are universal, inherent, biologically determined or even leaned behaviourists
  • Lakoff identified the following features that characterised female talk
    • tag questions 'isn't it?'
    • hedges or fillers 'well'
    • empty adjectives 'amazing'
    • intensifiers 'really'
    • more polite forms than men 'powder my nose' (visiting the toilet)
    • avoidance of taboo, weak expletives 'oh sugar'
    • emphatic stress on specific words 'that dress is GORGEOUS'
    • precise colour terms 'taupe'
    • hypocorrect grammar
    • lack of sense of humour

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