Labelling Theory
- Created by: alicejjenkins1
- Created on: 24-02-22 12:04
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- Labelling Theory
- What is it?
- Looks at how laws are applied and enforced
- Triplett; CJS often gives young offenders harsher sentences
- Influenced by gender, class and ethnicity as well as time and place
- Anti-social behaviour orders found to be disproportion-ately against ethnic minorities
- Those stopped at night, greater risk of arrest
- Looks at how laws are applied and enforced
- Sociologists
- Cicourel; negotiation of justice, typifications led to class bias against wc, more patrols of wc areas, more arrests, confirming stereotypes
- Argues statistics don't give valid picture of crime patterns
- Lemert (1951)
- Primary deviance;crime has not been publicly labelled
- Secondary deviance; result of societal reaction. publicly labelled with a "master status"
- Cicourel; negotiation of justice, typifications led to class bias against wc, more patrols of wc areas, more arrests, confirming stereotypes
- Effects of labelling
- Labelling theorists claim that by labelling certain people as criminal or deviant it encourages them to become so
- Secondary deviance gain hostile reaction from society, reinforce 'outsider' status lead to deviant career (Lemert)
- Deviance amplification spiral and 'moral panics'
- Press exaggeration and distorted reporting, police respond be arresting from that stereotype
- Evaluation
- Downes and Rock; someone who has been labelled to have a deviant career is free to choose not to deviate further
- Crime statistics are more a record of control agent activities than of criminals
- Society's attempt to control deviance can back fire and create more deviance not less
- Braithwaite; reintegrative shaming can encourage others to forgive the offender and avoid secondary deviance
- What is it?
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