Labelling theories of crime and deviance
- Created by: Heather_gulliver
- Created on: 19-05-21 09:46
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- Labelling theory(C&D)
- Social construction
- means social phenomena that is created by a society and is not naturally occurring due to evolution.
- consequences of labelling
- self-fulfilling prophecy:
- once labelled, the person embodies that label and act in that way
- deviancy amplification:
- an attempt to control deviant creates more deviance in a society
- Master status:
- people are identified as being criminal and people treat them that way because of social control and influence
- self-fulfilling prophecy:
- evaluation:
- limitations:
- 1.deviant becomes the victim 2.determinist approach 3.doesnt explain why people commit the original deviance 4.doesnt explain where the stereotypes in society originate
- strengths
- 1.emphasise the social construction of crime 2.identifies the role of the powerful 3.shows how deviancy can grow in society
- limitations:
- moral entrepreneurs
- the people high up in society that decide what is morally acceptable in society and what isn't
- 1.the ruling class 2.government3.law makers
- the people high up in society that decide what is morally acceptable in society and what isn't
- labelling process- Lemert:
- primary deviance
- a person commits a crime or deviant act but has not been seen so they are not labelled
- secondary deviance
- the deviant or criminal act has been witnessed and the person is labelled for that act. this can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy
- primary deviance
- Relativity of crime
- crimes may not be crimes as it can depend on the circumstance as to whether it is a crime
- contextual:
- nudity is acceptable in your own home, but unacceptable in public highstreets.
- historical:
- what once would have been a crime such as homosexuals, it is now not a crime in modern scoiety
- generational
- the ideas of norms between different social groups has now changed. such as sex outside of marriage.
- cultural
- different cultures have different norms and values about certain activities for example, in Saudi arabia people are not allowed to drink
- contextual:
- crimes may not be crimes as it can depend on the circumstance as to whether it is a crime
- Cicourel:
- labelling is what leads to selective law enforcement and negotiations of justice.
- this is because once a group is labelled, the police focus on them and so the statistics are irrationally high in that particular group compared to others because those people are being watched intensely.
- labelling is what leads to selective law enforcement and negotiations of justice.
- Social construction
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