L10 - Mali
- Created by: Hadley023
- Created on: 16-04-19 15:13
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- Mali
- Challenges to sovereignty and territorial integrity
- In 2013, Malian interim authorities requested the assistance of France to defend Mali’s sovereignty and restore territorial integrity as rebel groups threatened the south.
- International boundaries delineated by European colonial powers in the early 20th Century.
- Tuareg declared independencefor Azawad, which contains many ethnic groups.
- Fighting in the north to control routes for both illegal trade and smuggling.
- Flows of goods and products that may help or hinder conflict.
- Ineffective state governance of the north, which has been marginalised and neglected from Bamako.
- Many other significant ethnic groups - Songhai are prominent in Gao region.
- Internally displaced people
- MNLA are a Tuareg group who want an independent state.
- Ansar Dine, MUJAO and AQIM are Islamic Jihadist groups who took advantage of the country’s instability.
- Food security crisis is a driving force, further exacerbated by harsh north climate.
- Global governance strategies
- Aim to sustain the global system of sovereign nation-states by restoring and maintain Malian sovereignty and TI.
- MINUSMA established in 2013 by the UN.
- NGOs in Mali
- Population Services International: Reproductive Health Projects.
- Care: Food security and poverty alleviation.
- World Education Mali: adressing education barriers to literacy.
- Solidarites International: water, hygiene, sanitation and food security in the northern settlements of Timbuktu, Kidal and GAO and Koulikoro in the south.
- Peace Agreement 2015
- Coordination of Movements for Azawad (CMA) officially signed a peace agreement in June 2015.
- The Tuareg and Arab led rebels signed the agreement under huge international pressure.
- CMA did not want to be seen as the ‘enemy of peace’.
- Focuses on short-term security - disarmament, demolition and reintegration.
- There was still distrust between signatories.
- Challenges to sovereignty and territorial integrity
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