Kohlberg’s cognitive explanations of criminality
- Created by: maddieecarr
- Created on: 14-04-22 14:57
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- Kohlberg’s cognitive explanations to criminality
- Levels of moral reasoning
- How advanced an individual’s moral processing is. Uses moral dilemmas to determine which level an individual is
- 1. Preconventional morality.
- Stage 1 - punishment orientated
- Stage 2 - instrumentallyorientated or for personal gain
- 2. Conventional morality.
- Stage 3 - approval orientated
- Stage 4 - maintenance of social order is important.
- 3. Post-conventional morality
- Stage 5 - morality of contract and individual rights
- Stage 6 - morality of conscience
- Criminals tend to be stuck in the first level and act for their own gain or to avoid punishments.
- Cognitive distortions
- Faulty, biased and irrational ways of thinking which means that we perceive ourselves, others and the world negatively.
- Hostile Attribution Bias - tendency to judge ambiguous/ vague situations or the actions of others as aggressive or threatening, when they are not.
- Minimisation - a cognitive distortion which involves deception and the downplaying of events and emotions. This helps an offender deal with guilty feelings they may have.
- E.g telling a ****/assault victim that it wasn’t that bad or denial of committing the offence at all
- Levels of moral reasoning
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