Kildaire's and Shane O'Neill's Revolts

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  • Kildaire's and Shane O'Neill's Revolts
    • Kildaire's Revolt 1535 (Silken Thomas)
      • Permanent garrison established in Spet 1533
      • Earl of Lildaire sent to the Tower and died
      • Silken Thomas raised 1,000 in Munster
        • Invaded the Pale
        • No support from Earls of Ormond or Desmond
        • Attack on Dublin Castle failed
          • Fled south to Maynouth Castle
        • Thomas called on the Catholic Church for support - rallying point
        • Defeated by William Skeffington - 2,300 troops in 1534
          • 14 motnhs before he surrened to Leonard Grey - Deputy Lord Lieutenant
      • Main aim was politically expelling the English and becoming sole ruler
      • Threat levels
        • Cost £25,000 to suppress but restricted to Ireland
        • Lasted for 14 moths - posed no immediate threat
      • Longer-term response
        • 1535-1537 - 70 supporters hanged
          • 200 rebels were fined and attinted
        • Henry seized land from Kildaire
    • The Revolt of Shane O'Neill 1558-67
      • Causes
        • Local opposition to central power
        • Internal Irish politics
        • Religion - used as rallying point
      • Degree of threat
        • Long lasting - financially and militarily impossible to bring decisive force
          • Restriced to Ireland - no immediate threat to Elizabeth
        • £250,000 spent over 10 years
        • O'Neil had plotted with Charles IX and Mary, Queen of Scots - no help came
        • French invasion seemed possible at the time
      • Key Events
        • O'Neill's illegitimate brother was to succeed the Earl of Tyrone
        • O'Neill defeated the English at Red Sagums in 1561
        • English relied on O'Donnells support
        • Guerrilla tactics got the Irish to outskirts of Dublin
          • Help from 1,000 Scottish Redshanks
        • 1563 treaty signed only lasted two years
          • 1567 - Shane was murdered by the O'Donnells paid by the English
      • Success / Failure
        • Shane eluded all attempts of capture - death was by other Irish
        • English lacked cash and military
          • Elizabeth had priorities within England - rebellion allowed to drag on
        • Numbers showed strong element of Gaelic nationalism

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