Khrushchev
- Created by: LamisaAmber
- Created on: 15-05-17 12:43
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- Khrushchev 1941 - 1964
- Rise to Power
- Collective Leadership
- 5 man collective leadership: Malenkov, Beria, Molotov, Vorshilov and Khrushchev
- Khrushchev = First Party Secretary - only one in Presidium and Secretariat
- Beria puts forward reform programme
- to release 1 million prisoners, reverse Russification neutral Germany
- Rising in East Berlin blamed on Beria - K gains support
- K removes him by blaming him for worst parts of Stalinism
- Secret Trial and execution - engineered by K
- to release 1 million prisoners, reverse Russification neutral Germany
- Outmanoeuvres Malenkon by launching counter-attack w/ policy
- Malenkov's reforms - consumer goods to be prioritised, agricultural taxes to be halved
- Poor harvest 1953 - Malenkov blamed
- K launches Virgin Lands Campaign to end shortage = support
- K gained army support as Malenkov wanted to cut defines budget
- Malenkov's reforms - consumer goods to be prioritised, agricultural taxes to be halved
- Collective Leadership
- De-Stalinisation
- Silent De-Stalinisation
- Dangerous to denounce him, revision of policies in secret
- Release of political prisoners
- Commission into Stalin by K 1955
- Revealed the Terror, blamed Stalin
- Claimed Politburo knew,Presidium members don't want it revealed
- In order to liberate Parrty from culture of fear and inefficieny and undermine rivals
- 20th Party Congress Speech
- attacked Stalin's cult, attack of party members, NKVD role in purges, abuse of power, Stalin's war performance
- Read out Lenin's testament criticising Stalin
- Didn't reveal his own role in Terror or class war on Kulaks, ethnic cleansing or criticise colectivisation
- Resulted in 25 million hearing it, Party thrown into confusion, riots in uni, calls for real freedoms
- Krushchev worried and expels radical critics from party
- De-stabilising impact on other communist countries, strikes in Poland = new gov
- 1956 Hungarian uprising - PM denounced Warsaw Pact = K crushed it
- Lost K support in Presidium - blamed for unrest
- Physical
- Statues torn down, body removed from next to Lenins
- Silent De-Stalinisation
- Opposition
- Anti-Party Group
- Unrest in Poland and Hungry - speech undermined Soviets credibility
- Presidium angered by abolition of central ministries
- Prepared to challenge K's leadership - outvoted 7 to 4 but K appeals to Central Committee - had Zukhov and head of KGBs support
- Expelled 'anti-party group' - condemned for factionalism but didn't kill them Stalin-style
- Prepared to challenge K's leadership - outvoted 7 to 4 but K appeals to Central Committee - had Zukhov and head of KGBs support
- Removes Zhukov
- Becomes too assertive e.g. makes army reforms = dismissed - strengthens Khrushchev as others dislike him
- Dissent to Regime
- Novocherkask uprising June 1962 = 28 killed, ring leaders executed - example of mass disorder and strikes
- Took care to reduce unrest by keeping food prices low, peer policing, informers- authoritarian
- Cultural dissidents = largest pop to communism e.g. Samizdat - underground press
- Novocherkask uprising June 1962 = 28 killed, ring leaders executed - example of mass disorder and strikes
- Anti-Party Group
- Economic and Social Developments
- Agriculture
- Virgin Lands Campaign - to plough up land in Kazakhstan, Urals and Siberia
- 35.9 million acres cultivated - 1956 harvest largest in Soviet history
- But 1963 harvest = disastrous, decrease in soil fertility, reliance on single crop
- Virgin Lands Campaign - to plough up land in Kazakhstan, Urals and Siberia
- Industry
- 7 year plan 1958-65 - rapid expansion of oil and gas, chemical industry, consumer goods
- Space programme and missiles - 1957 first ballistic missile - Sputnik, 1961 - first man in Space = Gagarin
- Devolution of power - strengthen party control, increased his power - regional economic councils not ministries anymore
- Social and Cultural Change
- Focus on housing, consumer goods, freedoms
- Large disparity between classes
- New Party Programme 1961 - new stage of progress in Societ so - to revive mood of 1920s
- Utiopianism - now to be more accountable to membership
- minimum wage increased, pension scheme, 7 hour day, housing programme, education accessible, more hospital beds
- 63 million moved into new apartments - cheap, quick fix
- Aggressive campaign against religion - propaganda
- 3/4 churches closed, mosques and synagogues attacked
- Could criticise Stalin but not party=reform!
- Ending of mass terror, but policies quickly reversed
- Reform of planned economy diffiicult
- Entered 20 years of stagnation 1964
- Reform of planned economy diffiicult
- Agriculture
- Downfall
- Seen as unpredictable, explosive, arrogant
- Pursued unpopular ideas
- Cuban Missile Crisis - humiliation for USSR
- Agricultural Failures e.g. virgin lands campaign, had to buy from west = humiliation
- Brezhnev summoned him to meeting - condemned his behaviour and style = unanimous vote to oust him = retired and ignored
- Lost support by reorganising the state e.g. ministries - officials unhappy
- Brezhnev summoned him to meeting - condemned his behaviour and style = unanimous vote to oust him = retired and ignored
- Rise to Power
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