Key Individuals:Presidents pt. 1 (Topic 1)

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  • Created by: bintahall
  • Created on: 18-03-19 16:52
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  • Key Individuals
    • Wilson (Democrat) 1913-1921: Sent America into war and became less popular after it. Stroke in 1919 - Stopped introducing any reforms. 14 point programme
    • Harding (Republican) 1921-1923 (Died): Return to Normalcy - WASP's saw this as a return to things as they were before the war. 1923- Found corruption in his administration and many were sent to jail. "We want less government in business and more business in government
      • Isolationism: Said the US had to focus on 'buy American'. Meant introducting tariffs that favoured US business, not joining the League of Nations or setting up colonies. 1921 - Emergency Quota Act: Restricted immigration. 1924 - Number was reduced. 1935-1939 congress passed Neutrality Acts that restriced the help the US could give to other countries during war
    • Coolidge (Republican) 1923-1929: Lassiez-faire approach. Taxation policies. Blamed for the Great Depression
    • Hoover (Republican) 1929-1933: People thought he did little to help with the Great Depression. But he doubled federal public works expenditure. Cut his and other office salaries by 20%. Set up Presidents Organisation for Employment Relief (1931) - But ended in 1932 because government no longer willing to help agencies with money. Rugged Individualism: Dwelt less on inaction and more allowing people to take responsibility for themselves.
      • Reconstruction Fincance Corporation (1932): Used to provide financial aid to railroads, financial institutions and business corporations. Could led up to $2billion to rescue banks and insurance companies. 90% of it loans were only going to 7% of the recipients- people argued this helped financial situation and not those in distress.
      • The Bonus Army: Hoover's reputation was damaged by the GD
        • Causes: Desperation form veterans who were promised money to rebuild lives, homelessness. Feeling of betrayal from government
        • Events: Hoover offered $100,000 to pay for transport cost which was refused. 43,000 marchers sent by the secretary of war and tear gas and bayonets were used
        • Consequences: Veterans called communist agitaors. Hoover became extremely umpopular due to his association with the event
    • Roosevelt (Democrat) 1933-1945:
      • Term 1: The New Deal (supported several measures to get Americans back to work. He was able to sell new ideas to Congress and the public
      • Term 2: Less successful due to opposition. His attempt to reform the Congress resulted in mass protests. Lost support from many Democrats and found it difficult to introduce any reforms from then on.
      • Term 3+4: WW2 - Proved to be a good leader and made good strategic decisions.Votes were significantly lower during his 4th term - suggesting that support was shifting to the right

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