Key concepts
- Created by: chloen2002
- Created on: 16-12-20 19:52
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- Key Concepts
- Virtuous Errors
- When children first use language, they make virtuous errors.
- These are errors which have been made because the child is applying a grammatical rule to an irregular word.
- It is a 'good' or 'logical' mistake because the child has applied a standard or regular rule to an irregular word.
- For example; 'I putted teddy to bed'. The child has added the -ed suffix to an irregular verb.
- Babbling
- Most important stage in the first year
- 6-9 months old
- Sounds begin to resemble adult sounds more closely
- It is a work out for the vocal chords
- Bilabial plosives are the first sounds made (p/b/m)
- Protolanguage
- These are sounds are not words but stand in for words
- Parents may understand through context
- Twins can become locked in protolanguage
- Protolanguage is often seen as supporting nativist ideas
- Phonology
- Despite children's ability with phonemes, young children find consonants and consonant blends difficult to articulate in the combinations required in words
- Children will simplify words through:
- Deletion (e.g. 'at' for hat or 'nana' for banana'
- Substitution (e.g. 'dat' for that or 'woad' for road')
- Reduplication (e.g. 'gog' for dog and 'woad' for road)
- Holophrase
- Children often use one word to mean a whole utterance
- Over Extension
- This is when a child uses a term/ word to describe something similar (e.g. 'doggie' for a cat or 'daddy' to refer to all men)
- Although over extension is a mistake
- Using a word too broadly
- It shows that children take words and reapply them to new situations
- It shows an ability to organize language into categories
- It shows the ability to independently process language
- Behaviourism
- Speech is learnt behaviour
- External environmental factors (such as a caregiver) are largely responsible for us developing speech
- Blank Slate
- Nativism
- The capacity to speak is innate
- We are born with an inbuilt capacity for language
- Hardwired in to the internal factors (i.e. biological) are mainly responsible
- Full Slate
- Virtuous Errors
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