key concepts in biology (topic 1)
- Created by: nastja29
- Created on: 20-03-17 19:18
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- Key Concepts
- Cells
- prokaryote
- small and simple cells; single-celled organisms.
- eukaryote
- complex cells and include all animal and plant cells.
- prokaryote
- Microscopy
- microscopes use lenses to magnify images; increase resolution
- light microscopes
- invented in 1590s
- passing light through specimen.
- we can see nuclei, chloroplasts and we can use them to study living cells
- electron microscopes
- invented in 1930s
- use electrons rather than light.
- have higher magnification and resolution
- allowed us to see smaller structures in more detail
- greater understanding of how cells work; role of subcellular structures
- allowed us to see smaller structures in more detail
- light microscopes
- magnification
- how many times bigger the image is
- total magnification = eye piece lens magnification x objective lens magnification
- magnification = image size/real size
- microscopes use lenses to magnify images; increase resolution
- enzymes
- biological catalysts produced by living things
- reduce the need for high temperatures
- speed up the useful chemical reactions in the body.
- have special shapes in order to catalyse reactions
- enzyme has an active site-the part that joins on to the substrate to catalyse the reaction
- usually work with one type of substrate; high specificity for their substrate.
- for the enzyme to work, the substrate has to fit the active site.
- 'lock and key' mechanism
- substrate fits into enzyme like a key into a lock
- enzyme has an active site-the part that joins on to the substrate to catalyse the reaction
- biological catalysts produced by living things
- Untitled
- Cells
- specialized cells
- multicellular organisms contain lots of different types of cells.
- cells that have a specific structure and function.
- Cells
- prokaryote
- small and simple cells; single-celled organisms.
- eukaryote
- complex cells and include all animal and plant cells.
- prokaryote
- egg, sperm and ciliated epithelial cells
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