Jesus and the reformation

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  • Jesus
    • Son of God, God himself, Messenger, Preacher, Shepherd, Prophet
      • Difficult to state who Jesus was, small number of events in Gospels.
        • Baptism of Jesus, ministry of Galilee, feeding the 5000, Death of Jesus and Resurrection of Jesus are only mentioned in all four Gospels.
    • Arianism (Arian Heresy)
      • Theory proposed by Arius. This theory suggests that Jesus is not God. He is not part of God in any way. Jesus was created by God. Jesus is a son of God in a literal sense therefore Jesus can never fully know God.
        • Strengths - It is simple, leaves Christianity entirely monotheistic, phrases like son of God make more sense. Trinity is not mentioned in Bible.
          • Critic of Arianism - Athanasius of Alexandria - puts a stop to Arianism. Council of Nicea - Jesus being with one in God - Arius is rejected and his teachings not considered Christian.
            • Trinity quotes that reject Arius - "God from God" "not made" "one being with the father".
        • Weaknesses - fails when looking at the Bible, trinity is complicated but fits with the Bible, means God never took human form, Arianism ignores parts of Bible that talks about 'oneness of God'.
    • Chalcedonian Definition - two things at once. Jesus did things that were human like and he also did things that were God like. Jesus being just God doesn't fit with the Gospel accounts. Jesus is fully human 100% and fully God 100%.
      • Cyril of Alexandria - believed 'God that walked the streets' - God taking human form. He used the slogan "one nature united out of two".
        • Strengths - gives Jesus all God's power and abilities. Keeps Jesus/Son part on Trinity - makes Jesus human, fits with Gospel and gives God empathy.
          • Weaknesses - not explicitly mentioned in Gospels. Idea came after 400 years he died. Why didn't Jesus sin? How can something be 200% - impossible. If Jesus had God power, why didn't he heal all at once.
  • Protestant Reformation
    • Catholic Corruptions: selling indulgences - tickets to heaven. Priest were rich, upper classes - landowners would appoint priests. Bible couldn't be interpreted by all, only priests could do it.
    • Lutheranism - Martin Luther
      • Struck by lightening, opposed Catholics, stuck 95 thesis outside churches.
        • Lutheranism - can only reach salvation if one has faith, Bible should be the sole authority, Worship service focused on preaching, Ministers led congregation, Believers should interpret the Bible themselves.
    • Calvinism - John Calvin.
      • Councils of elder govern lead church, God has determined who will be saved, Bible is sole source of revealed truth, Worship service on preaching and believers interpret the Bible themselves.
    • Anglicanism - Henry VIII
      • wanted to divorce his wives and didn't like to be dictated by someone else and wanted to do everything on his own choice.
      • English Monarch - Head of State - head of Church. Salvation by faith alone, Bible is sole source of revealed truth. Worship service based on ritual and preaching. Believers interpret the Bible using tradition and reason.

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